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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<class name="Callable" version="4.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="../class.xsd">
<brief_description>
Built-in type representing a method in an object instance or a standalone function.
</brief_description>
<description>
[Callable] is a built-in [Variant] type that represents a function. It can either be a method within an [Object] instance, or a standalone function not related to any object, like a lambda function. Like all [Variant] types, it can be stored in variables and passed to other functions. It is most commonly used for signal callbacks.
[b]Example:[/b]
[codeblocks]
[gdscript]
func print_args(arg1, arg2, arg3 = ""):
prints(arg1, arg2, arg3)
func test():
var callable = Callable(self, "print_args")
callable.call("hello", "world") # Prints "hello world ".
callable.call(Vector2.UP, 42, callable) # Prints "(0, -1) 42 Node(node.gd)::print_args".
callable.call("invalid") # Invalid call, should have at least 2 arguments.
[/gdscript]
[csharp]
public void PrintArgs(object arg1, object arg2, object arg3 = null)
{
GD.PrintS(arg1, arg2, arg3);
}
public void Test()
{
Callable callable = new Callable(this, nameof(PrintArgs));
callable.Call("hello", "world"); // Prints "hello world null".
callable.Call(Vector2.Up, 42, callable); // Prints "(0, -1) 42 Node(Node.cs)::PrintArgs".
callable.Call("invalid"); // Invalid call, should have at least 2 arguments.
}
[/csharp]
[/codeblocks]
In GDScript, it's possible to create lambda functions within a method. Lambda functions are custom callables that are not associated with an [Object] instance. Optionally, lambda functions can also be named. The name will be displayed in the debugger, or when calling [method get_method].
[codeblock]
func _init():
var my_lambda = func (message):
print(message)
# Prints Hello everyone!
my_lambda.call("Hello everyone!")
# Prints "Attack!", when the button_pressed signal is emitted.
button_pressed.connect(func(): print("Attack!"))
[/codeblock]
</description>
<tutorials>
</tutorials>
<constructors>
<constructor name="Callable">
<return type="Callable" />
<description>
Constructs an empty [Callable], with no object nor method bound.
</description>
</constructor>
<constructor name="Callable">
<return type="Callable" />
<param index="0" name="from" type="Callable" />
<description>
Constructs a [Callable] as a copy of the given [Callable].
</description>
</constructor>
<constructor name="Callable">
<return type="Callable" />
<param index="0" name="object" type="Object" />
<param index="1" name="method" type="StringName" />
<description>
Creates a new [Callable] for the method named [param method] in the specified [param object].
</description>
</constructor>
</constructors>
<methods>
<method name="bind" qualifiers="vararg const">
<return type="Callable" />
<description>
Returns a copy of this [Callable] with one or more arguments bound. When called, the bound arguments are passed [i]after[/i] the arguments supplied by [method call].
</description>
</method>
<method name="bindv">
<return type="Callable" />
<param index="0" name="arguments" type="Array" />
<description>
Returns a copy of this [Callable] with one or more arguments bound, reading them from an array. When called, the bound arguments are passed [i]after[/i] the arguments supplied by [method call].
</description>
</method>
<method name="call" qualifiers="vararg const">
<return type="Variant" />
<description>
Calls the method represented by this [Callable]. Arguments can be passed and should match the method's signature.
</description>
</method>
<method name="call_deferred" qualifiers="vararg const">
<return type="void" />
<description>
Calls the method represented by this [Callable] in deferred mode, i.e. during the idle frame. Arguments can be passed and should match the method's signature.
[codeblock]
func _ready():
grab_focus.call_deferred()
[/codeblock]
</description>
</method>
<method name="callv" qualifiers="const">
<return type="Variant" />
<param index="0" name="arguments" type="Array" />
<description>
Calls the method represented by this [Callable]. Unlike [method call], this method expects all arguments to be contained inside the [param arguments] [Array].
</description>
</method>
<method name="get_bound_arguments" qualifiers="const">
<return type="Array" />
<description>
Return the bound arguments (as long as [method get_bound_arguments_count] is greater than zero), or empty (if [method get_bound_arguments_count] is less than or equal to zero).
</description>
</method>
<method name="get_bound_arguments_count" qualifiers="const">
<return type="int" />
<description>
Returns the total amount of arguments bound (or unbound) via successive [method bind] or [method unbind] calls. If the amount of arguments unbound is greater than the ones bound, this function returns a value less than zero.
</description>
</method>
<method name="get_method" qualifiers="const">
<return type="StringName" />
<description>
Returns the name of the method represented by this [Callable]. If the callable is a lambda function, returns the function's name.
</description>
</method>
<method name="get_object" qualifiers="const">
<return type="Object" />
<description>
Returns the object on which this [Callable] is called.
</description>
</method>
<method name="get_object_id" qualifiers="const">
<return type="int" />
<description>
Returns the ID of this [Callable]'s object (see [method Object.get_instance_id]).
</description>
</method>
<method name="hash" qualifiers="const">
<return type="int" />
<description>
Returns the 32-bit hash value of this [Callable]'s object.
[b]Note:[/b] [Callable]s with equal content will always produce identical hash values. However, the reverse is not true. Returning identical hash values does [i]not[/i] imply the callables are equal, because different callables can have identical hash values due to hash collisions. The engine uses a 32-bit hash algorithm for [method hash].
</description>
</method>
<method name="is_custom" qualifiers="const">
<return type="bool" />
<description>
Returns [code]true[/code] if this [Callable] is a custom callable. Custom callables are created from [method bind] or [method unbind]. In GDScript, lambda functions are also custom callables.
</description>
</method>
<method name="is_null" qualifiers="const">
<return type="bool" />
<description>
Returns [code]true[/code] if this [Callable] has no target to call the method on.
</description>
</method>
<method name="is_standard" qualifiers="const">
<return type="bool" />
<description>
Returns [code]true[/code] if this [Callable] is a standard callable. This method is the opposite of [method is_custom]. Returns [code]false[/code] if this callable is a lambda function.
</description>
</method>
<method name="is_valid" qualifiers="const">
<return type="bool" />
<description>
Returns [code]true[/code] if the callable's object exists and has a valid method name assigned, or is a custom callable.
</description>
</method>
<method name="rpc" qualifiers="vararg const">
<return type="void" />
<description>
Perform an RPC (Remote Procedure Call). This is used for multiplayer and is normally not available, unless the function being called has been marked as [i]RPC[/i]. Calling this method on unsupported functions will result in an error.
</description>
</method>
<method name="rpc_id" qualifiers="vararg const">
<return type="void" />
<param index="0" name="peer_id" type="int" />
<description>
Perform an RPC (Remote Procedure Call) on a specific peer ID (see multiplayer documentation for reference). This is used for multiplayer and is normally not available unless the function being called has been marked as [i]RPC[/i]. Calling this method on unsupported functions will result in an error.
</description>
</method>
<method name="unbind" qualifiers="const">
<return type="Callable" />
<param index="0" name="argcount" type="int" />
<description>
Returns a copy of this [Callable] with the arguments unbound, as defined by [param argcount]. Calling the returned [Callable] will call the method without the extra arguments that are supplied in the [Callable] on which you are calling this method.
</description>
</method>
</methods>
<operators>
<operator name="operator !=">
<return type="bool" />
<param index="0" name="right" type="Callable" />
<description>
Returns [code]true[/code] if both [Callable]s invoke different targets.
</description>
</operator>
<operator name="operator ==">
<return type="bool" />
<param index="0" name="right" type="Callable" />
<description>
Returns [code]true[/code] if both [Callable]s invoke the same custom target.
</description>
</operator>
</operators>
</class>
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