Built-in GDScript functions. List of core built-in GDScript functions. Math functions and other utilities. Everything else is provided by objects. (Keywords: builtin, built in, global functions.) https://docs.godotengine.org/en/latest/tutorials/math/random_number_generation.html Returns a color constructed from integer red, green, blue, and alpha channels. Each channel should have 8 bits of information ranging from 0 to 255. [code]r8[/code] red channel [code]g8[/code] green channel [code]b8[/code] blue channel [code]a8[/code] alpha channel [codeblock] red = Color8(255, 0, 0) [/codeblock] Asserts that the [code]condition[/code] is [code]true[/code]. If the [code]condition[/code] is [code]false[/code], an error is generated. When running from the editor, the running project will also be paused until you resume it. This can be used as a stronger form of [method @GlobalScope.push_error] for reporting errors to project developers or add-on users. [b]Note:[/b] For performance reasons, the code inside [method assert] is only executed in debug builds or when running the project from the editor. Don't include code that has side effects in an [method assert] call. Otherwise, the project will behave differently when exported in release mode. The optional [code]message[/code] argument, if given, is shown in addition to the generic "Assertion failed" message. You can use this to provide additional details about why the assertion failed. [codeblock] # Imagine we always want speed to be between 0 and 20. var speed = -10 assert(speed < 20) # True, the program will continue assert(speed >= 0) # False, the program will stop assert(speed >= 0 and speed < 20) # You can also combine the two conditional statements in one check assert(speed < 20, "speed = %f, but the speed limit is 20" % speed) # Show a message with clarifying details [/codeblock] Returns a character as a String of the given Unicode code point (which is compatible with ASCII code). [codeblock] a = char(65) # a is "A" a = char(65 + 32) # a is "a" a = char(8364) # a is "€" [/codeblock] Converts from a type to another in the best way possible. The [code]type[/code] parameter uses the [enum Variant.Type] values. [codeblock] a = Vector2(1, 0) # Prints 1 print(a.length()) a = convert(a, TYPE_STRING) # Prints 6 as "(1, 0)" is 6 characters print(a.length()) [/codeblock] Converts a dictionary (previously created with [method inst2dict]) back to an instance. Useful for deserializing. Returns an array of dictionaries representing the current call stack. [codeblock] func _ready(): foo() func foo(): bar() func bar(): print(get_stack()) [/codeblock] would print [codeblock] [{function:bar, line:12, source:res://script.gd}, {function:foo, line:9, source:res://script.gd}, {function:_ready, line:6, source:res://script.gd}] [/codeblock] [b]Note:[/b] Not supported for calling from threads. Instead, this will return an empty array. Returns the passed instance converted to a dictionary (useful for serializing). [codeblock] var foo = "bar" func _ready(): var d = inst2dict(self) print(d.keys()) print(d.values()) [/codeblock] Prints out: [codeblock] [@subpath, @path, foo] [, res://test.gd, bar] [/codeblock] Returns length of Variant [code]var[/code]. Length is the character count of String, element count of Array, size of Dictionary, etc. [b]Note:[/b] Generates a fatal error if Variant can not provide a length. [codeblock] a = [1, 2, 3, 4] len(a) # Returns 4 [/codeblock] Loads a resource from the filesystem located at [code]path[/code]. The resource is loaded on the method call (unless it's referenced already elsewhere, e.g. in another script or in the scene), which might cause slight delay, especially when loading scenes. To avoid unnecessary delays when loading something multiple times, either store the resource in a variable or use [method preload]. [b]Note:[/b] Resource paths can be obtained by right-clicking on a resource in the FileSystem dock and choosing "Copy Path" or by dragging the file from the FileSystem dock into the script. [codeblock] # Load a scene called main located in the root of the project directory and cache it in a variable. var main = load("res://main.tscn") # main will contain a PackedScene resource. [/codeblock] [b]Important:[/b] The path must be absolute, a local path will just return [code]null[/code]. This method is a simplified version of [method ResourceLoader.load], which can be used for more advanced scenarios. Returns a [Resource] from the filesystem located at [code]path[/code]. The resource is loaded during script parsing, i.e. is loaded with the script and [method preload] effectively acts as a reference to that resource. Note that the method requires a constant path. If you want to load a resource from a dynamic/variable path, use [method load]. [b]Note:[/b] Resource paths can be obtained by right clicking on a resource in the Assets Panel and choosing "Copy Path" or by dragging the file from the FileSystem dock into the script. [codeblock] # Instance a scene. var diamond = preload("res://diamond.tscn").instantiate() [/codeblock] Like [method @GlobalScope.print], but includes the current stack frame when running with the debugger turned on. Output in the console would look something like this: [codeblock] Test print At: res://test.gd:15:_process() [/codeblock] [b]Note:[/b] Not supported for calling from threads. Instead of the stack frame, this will print the thread ID. Prints a stack trace at the current code location. Only works when running with debugger turned on. Output in the console would look something like this: [codeblock] Frame 0 - res://test.gd:16 in function '_process' [/codeblock] [b]Note:[/b] Not supported for calling from threads. Instead of the stack trace, this will print the thread ID. Returns an array with the given range. Range can be 1 argument [code]N[/code] (0 to [code]N[/code] - 1), two arguments ([code]initial[/code], [code]final - 1[/code]) or three arguments ([code]initial[/code], [code]final - 1[/code], [code]increment[/code]). Returns an empty array if the range isn't valid (e.g. [code]range(2, 5, -1)[/code] or [code]range(5, 5, 1)[/code]). Returns an array with the given range. [code]range()[/code] can have 1 argument N ([code]0[/code] to [code]N - 1[/code]), two arguments ([code]initial[/code], [code]final - 1[/code]) or three arguments ([code]initial[/code], [code]final - 1[/code], [code]increment[/code]). [code]increment[/code] can be negative. If [code]increment[/code] is negative, [code]final - 1[/code] will become [code]final + 1[/code]. Also, the initial value must be greater than the final value for the loop to run. [codeblock] print(range(4)) print(range(2, 5)) print(range(0, 6, 2)) [/codeblock] Output: [codeblock] [0, 1, 2, 3] [2, 3, 4] [0, 2, 4] [/codeblock] To iterate over an [Array] backwards, use: [codeblock] var array = [3, 6, 9] var i := array.size() - 1 while i >= 0: print(array[i]) i -= 1 [/codeblock] Output: [codeblock] 9 6 3 [/codeblock] Converts one or more arguments to string in the best way possible. [codeblock] var a = [10, 20, 30] var b = str(a); len(a) # Returns 3 len(b) # Returns 12 [/codeblock] Constant that represents how many times the diameter of a circle fits around its perimeter. This is equivalent to [code]TAU / 2[/code], or 180 degrees in rotations. The circle constant, the circumference of the unit circle in radians. This is equivalent to [code]PI * 2[/code], or 360 degrees in rotations. Positive floating-point infinity. This is the result of floating-point division when the divisor is [code]0.0[/code]. For negative infinity, use [code]-INF[/code]. Dividing by [code]-0.0[/code] will result in negative infinity if the numerator is positive, so dividing by [code]0.0[/code] is not the same as dividing by [code]-0.0[/code] (despite [code]0.0 == -0.0[/code] returning [code]true[/code]). [b]Note:[/b] Numeric infinity is only a concept with floating-point numbers, and has no equivalent for integers. Dividing an integer number by [code]0[/code] will not result in [constant INF] and will result in a run-time error instead. "Not a Number", an invalid floating-point value. [constant NAN] has special properties, including that it is not equal to itself ([code]NAN == NAN[/code] returns [code]false[/code]). It is output by some invalid operations, such as dividing floating-point [code]0.0[/code] by [code]0.0[/code]. [b]Note:[/b] "Not a Number" is only a concept with floating-point numbers, and has no equivalent for integers. Dividing an integer [code]0[/code] by [code]0[/code] will not result in [constant NAN] and will result in a run-time error instead.