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We aim to make the C# API reflection-free, mainly for concerns about
performance, and to be able to target NativeAOT in refletion-free mode,
which reduces the binary size.
One of the main usages of reflection still left was the dynamic
invokation of callable delegates, and for some time I wasn't sure
I would find an alternative solution that I'd be happy with.
The new solution uses trampoline functions to invoke the delegates:
```
static void Trampoline(object delegateObj, NativeVariantPtrArgs args, out godot_variant ret)
{
if (args.Count != 1)
throw new ArgumentException($"Callable expected 1 arguments but received {args.Count}.");
string res = ((Func<int, string>)delegateObj)(
VariantConversionCallbacks.GetToManagedCallback<int>()(args[0])
);
ret = VariantConversionCallbacks.GetToVariantCallback<string>()(res);
}
Callable.CreateWithUnsafeTrampoline((int num) => "Foo" + num, &Trampoline);
```
Of course, this is too much boilerplate for user code. To improve this,
the `Callable.From` methods were added. These are overloads that take
`Action` and `Func` delegates, which covers the most common use cases:
lambdas and method groups:
```
// Lambda
Callable.From((int num) => "Foo" + num);
// Method group
string AppendNum(int num) => "Foo" + num;
Callable.From(AppendNum);
```
Unfortunately, due to limitations in the C# language, implicit
conversions from delegates to `Callable` are not supported.
`Callable.From` does not support custom delegates. These should be
uncommon, but the Godot C# API actually uses them for event signals.
As such, the bindings generator was updated to generate trampoline
functions for event signals. It was also optimized to use `Action`
instead of a custom delegate for parameterless signals, which removes
the need for the trampoline functions for those signals.
The change to reflection-free invokation removes one of the last needs
for `ConvertVariantToManagedObjectOfType`. The only remaining usage is
from calling script constructors with parameters from the engine
(`CreateManagedForGodotObjectScriptInstance`). Once that one is made
reflection-free, `ConvertVariantToManagedObjectOfType` can be removed.
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The lambda was giving issues, so I re-wrote it as a static function.
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We want to replace libnethost as it gives us issues with some compilers.
Our implementation tries to mimic libnethost's hostfxr_resolver search
logic. We try to use the same function names for easier comparing in
case we need to update this in the future.
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C#: Fix .NET export template compilation on Windows
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- Fix platform detection after Linux OS name was renamed from `LinuxBSD`
to `Linux`
- Fix arch detection after renaming `64` to `x86_64`
- Fix typo in `find_hostfxr`
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If the project assembly does not exist, return `false` directly instead
of trying to load it.
This prevents the `System.InvalidOperationException` thrown for failing
to locate managed application.
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- Moves interop functions to UnmanagedCallbacks struct that
contains the function pointers and is passed to C#.
- Implements UnmanagedCallbacksGenerator, a C# source generator that
generates the UnmanagedCallbacks struct in C# and the body for the
NativeFuncs methods (their implementation just calls the function
pointer in the UnmanagedCallbacks). The generated methods are needed
because .NET pins byref parameters of native calls, even if they are
'ref struct's, which don't need pinning. The generated methods use
`Unsafe.AsPointer` so that we can benefit from byref parameters
without suffering overhead of pinning.
Co-authored-by: Raul Santos <raulsntos@gmail.com>
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The setting is initially assigned the name of the Godot project,
but it's kept freezed to prevent issues when renaming the Godot
project.
The user can always rename the C# project and solution manually and
change the setting to the new name.
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Changed the signal declaration signal to:
```
// The following generates a MySignal event
[Signal] public delegate void MySignalEventHandler(int param);
```
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This commit adds initial support for games exported as NativeAOT shared
libraries.
At this moment, the NativeAOT runtime is experimental. Additionally,
Godot is not trim-safe as it still makes some use of reflection.
For the time being, a rd.xml file is needed to prevent code triming:
```
<Directives xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/netfx/2013/01/metadata">
<Application>
<Assembly Name="GodotSharp" Dynamic="Required All" />
<Assembly Name="GAME_ASSEMBLY" Dynamic="Required All" />
</Application>
</Directives>
```
These are the csproj changes for publishing:
```
<PropertyGroup>
<NativeLib>Shared</NativeLib>
</PropertyGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<RdXmlFile Include="rd.xml" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.DotNet.ILCompiler" Version="7.0.0-*" />
</ItemGroup>
```
More info:
- https://github.com/dotnet/runtimelab/blob/feature/NativeAOT/docs/using-nativeaot/compiling.md
- https://github.com/dotnet/runtimelab/tree/feature/NativeAOT/samples/NativeLibrary
- https://github.com/dotnet/runtimelab/blob/feature/NativeAOT/docs/using-nativeaot/rd-xml-format.md
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These two had been disabled while moving to .NET 5, as the previous
implementation relied on Mono embedding APIs.
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Previously, for each scripts class instance that was created from code
rather than by the engine, we were constructing, configuring and
assigning a new CSharpScript.
This has changed now and we make sure there's only one CSharpScript
associated to each type.
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The editor no longer needs to create temporary instances to get the
default values. The initializer values of the exported properties are
still evaluated at runtime. For example, in the following example,
`GetInitialValue()` will be called when first looks for default values:
```
[Export] int MyValue = GetInitialValue();
```
Exporting fields with a non-supported type now results in a compiler
error rather than a runtime error when the script is used.
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This base implementation is still very barebones but it defines the path
for how exporting will work (at least when embedding the .NET runtime).
Many manual steps are still needed, which should be automatized in the
future. For example, in addition to the API assemblies, now you also
need to copy the GodotPlugins assembly to each game project.
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Finalizers are longer guaranteed to be called on exit now that
we switched to .NET Core. This results in native instances leaking.
The only solution I can think of so far is to keep a list of all
instances alive to dispose when the AssemblyLoadContext.Unloading
event is raised.
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We're targeting .NET 5 for now to make development easier while
.NET 6 is not yet released.
TEMPORARY REGRESSIONS
---------------------
Assembly unloading is not implemented yet. As such, many Godot
resources are leaked at exit. This will be re-implemented later
together with assembly hot-reloading.
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The main focus here was to remove the majority of code that relied on
Mono's embedding APIs, specially the reflection APIs. The embedding
APIs we still use are the bare minimum we need for things to work.
A lot of code was moved to C#. We no longer deal with any managed
objects (`MonoObject*`, and such) in native code, and all marshaling
is done in C#.
The reason for restructuring the code and move away from embedding APIs
is that once we move to .NET Core, we will be limited by the much more
minimal .NET hosting.
PERFORMANCE REGRESSIONS
-----------------------
Some parts of the code were written with little to no concern about
performance. This includes code that calls into script methods and
accesses script fields, properties and events.
The reason for this is that all of that will be moved to source
generators, so any work prior to that would be a waste of time.
DISABLED FEATURES
-----------------
Some code was removed as it no longer makes sense (or won't make sense
in the future).
Other parts were commented out with `#if 0`s and TODO warnings because
it doesn't make much sense to work on them yet as those parts will
change heavily when we switch to .NET Core but also when we start
introducing source generators.
As such, the following features were disabled temporarily:
- Assembly-reloading (will be done with ALCs in .NET Core).
- Properties/fields exports and script method listing (will be
handled by source generators in the future).
- Exception logging in the editor and stack info for errors.
- Exporting games.
- Building of C# projects. We no longer copy the Godot API assemblies
to the project directory, so MSBuild won't be able to find them. The
idea is to turn them into NuGet packages in the future, which could
also be obtained from local NuGet sources during development.
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We will be progressively moving most code to C#.
The plan is to only use Mono's embedding APIs to set things at launch.
This will make it much easier to later support CoreCLR too which
doesn't have rich embedding APIs.
Additionally the code in C# is more maintainable and makes it easier
to implement new features, e.g.: runtime codegen which we could use to
avoid using reflection for marshaling everytime a field, property or
method is accessed.
SOME NOTES ON INTEROP
We make the same assumptions as GDNative about the size of the Godot
structures we use. We take it a bit further by also assuming the layout
of fields in some cases, which is riskier but let's us squeeze out some
performance by avoiding unnecessary managed to native calls.
Code that deals with native structs is less safe than before as there's
no RAII and copy constructors in C#. It's like using the GDNative C API
directly. One has to take special care to free values they own.
Perhaps we could use roslyn analyzers to check this, but I don't know
any that uses attributes to determine what's owned or borrowed.
As to why we maily use pointers for native structs instead of ref/out:
- AFAIK (and confirmed with a benchmark) ref/out are pinned
during P/Invoke calls and that has a cost.
- Native struct fields can't be ref/out in the first place.
- A `using` local can't be passed as ref/out, only `in`. Calling a
method or property on an `in` value makes a silent copy, so we want
to avoid `in`.
REGARDING THE BUILD SYSTEM
There's no longer a `mono_glue=yes/no` SCons options. We no longer
need to build with `mono_glue=no`, generate the glue and then build
again with `mono_glue=yes`. We build only once and generate the glue
(which is in C# now).
However, SCons no longer builds the C# projects for us. Instead one
must run `build_assemblies.py`, e.g.:
```sh
%godot_src_root%/modules/mono/build_scripts/build_assemblies.py \
--godot-output-dir=%godot_src_root%/bin \
--godot-target=release_debug`
```
We could turn this into a custom build target, but I don't know how
to do that with SCons (it's possible with Meson).
OTHER NOTES
Most of the moved code doesn't follow the C# naming convention and
still has the word Mono in the names despite no longer dealing with
Mono's embedding APIs. This is just temporary while transitioning,
to make it easier to understand what was moved where.
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Adds `header_guards.sh` bash script, used in CI to validate future
changes. Can be run locally to fix invalid header guards.
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Implement built-in classes Vector4, Vector4i and Projection.
* Two versions of Vector4 (float and integer).
* A Projection class, which is a 4x4 matrix specialized in projection types.
These types have been requested for a long time, but given they were very corner case they were not added before.
Because in Godot 4, reimplementing parts of the rendering engine is now possible, access to these types (heavily used by the rendering code) becomes a necessity.
**Q**: Why Projection and not Matrix4?
**A**: Godot does not use Matrix2, Matrix3, Matrix4x3, etc. naming convention because, within the engine, these types always have a *purpose*. As such, Godot names them: Transform2D, Transform3D or Basis. In this case, this 4x4 matrix is _always_ used as a _Projection_, hence the naming.
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Replace old RPC attributes with a new single `RPCAttribute` which works
like the GDScript `@rpc` annotation.
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- Add support for explicit values in properties using `PROPERTY_HINT_FLAGS`
that works the same way it does for enums.
- Fix enums and flags in VisualScriptEditor (it wasn't considering the
explicit value).
- Use `PROPERTY_HINT_FLAGS` for C# enums with the FlagsAttribute instead
of `PROPERTY_HINT_ENUM`.
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* Map is unnecessary and inefficient in almost every case.
* Replaced by the new HashMap.
* Renamed Map to RBMap and Set to RBSet for cases that still make sense
(order matters) but use is discouraged.
There were very few cases where replacing by HashMap was undesired because
keeping the key order was intended.
I tried to keep those (as RBMap) as much as possible, but might have missed
some. Review appreciated!
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Adds a new, cleaned up, HashMap implementation.
* Uses Robin Hood Hashing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash_table#Robin_Hood_hashing).
* Keeps elements in a double linked list for simpler, ordered, iteration.
* Allows keeping iterators for later use in removal (Unlike Map<>, it does not do much
for performance vs keeping the key, but helps replace old code).
* Uses a more modern C++ iterator API, deprecates the old one.
* Supports custom allocator (in case there is a wish to use a paged one).
This class aims to unify all the associative template usage and replace it by this one:
* Map<> (whereas key order does not matter, which is 99% of cases)
* HashMap<>
* OrderedHashMap<>
* OAHashMap<>
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This prevents the pitfall of UB when checking if they have been
assigned something valid by comparing to nullptr.
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Using codespell 2.2-dev from current git.
Fix a couple incorrect uses of gendered pronouns.
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`DirAccess *` needs to be deleted manually, and this is often forgotten
especially when doing early returns with `ERR_FAIL_COND`.
`DirAccessRef` is deleted automatically when it goes out of scope.
Co-authored-by: bruvzg <7645683+bruvzg@users.noreply.github.com>
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Remove currently unused implementation of TextureBasisU, could be re-added
later on if needed and ported.
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Happy new year to the wonderful Godot community!
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If the class is generic, we must get its generic type definition and use
it to retrieve the delegates.
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We prefer to prevent using chained assignment (`T a = b = c = T();`) as this
can lead to confusing code and subtle bugs.
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assignment_operator_(C%2B%2B), C++
allows any arbitrary return type, so this is standard compliant.
This could be re-assessed if/when we have an actual need for a behavior more
akin to that of the C++ STL, for now this PR simply changes a handful of
cases which were inconsistent with the rest of the codebase (`void` return
type was already the most common case prior to this commit).
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Settings that aren't within a subsection are difficult to reach when
other settings do have a subsection.
This also adds documentation for the project setting.
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clang-format keeps breaking the way it handles break *after* ternary operators,
so I give up and go with the only style they seem to actually test.
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Sets `AlignOperands` to `DontAlign`.
`clang-format` developers seem to mostly care about space-based indentation and
every other version of clang-format breaks the bad mismatch of tabs and spaces
that it seems to use for operand alignment. So it's better without, so that it
respects our two-tabs `ContinuationIndentWidth`.
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Chose to pass unhandled exceptions to the toaster, we might want to reconsider
if those are already reported somewhere else (e.g. in the Mono panel).
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