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+//Copyright (C) 2011 by Ivan Fratric
+//
+//Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+//of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+//in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+//to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+//copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+//furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+//The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+//all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+//THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+//IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+//FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+//AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+//LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+//OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+//THE SOFTWARE.
+
+#ifndef TRIANGULATOR_H
+#define TRIANGULATOR_H
+
+#include "math_2d.h"
+#include "list.h"
+#include "set.h"
+//2D point structure
+
+
+#define TRIANGULATOR_CCW 1
+#define TRIANGULATOR_CW -1
+//Polygon implemented as an array of points with a 'hole' flag
+class TriangulatorPoly {
+protected:
+
+
+
+	Vector2 *points;
+	long numpoints;
+	bool hole;
+
+public:
+
+	//constructors/destructors
+	TriangulatorPoly();
+	~TriangulatorPoly();
+
+	TriangulatorPoly(const TriangulatorPoly &src);
+	TriangulatorPoly& operator=(const TriangulatorPoly &src);
+
+	//getters and setters
+	long GetNumPoints() {
+		return numpoints;
+	}
+
+	bool IsHole() {
+		return hole;
+	}
+
+	void SetHole(bool hole) {
+		this->hole = hole;
+	}
+
+	Vector2 &GetPoint(long i) {
+		return points[i];
+	}
+
+	Vector2 *GetPoints() {
+		return points;
+	}
+
+	Vector2& operator[] (int i) {
+		return points[i];
+	}
+
+	//clears the polygon points
+	void Clear();
+
+	//inits the polygon with numpoints vertices
+	void Init(long numpoints);
+
+	//creates a triangle with points p1,p2,p3
+	void Triangle(Vector2 &p1, Vector2 &p2, Vector2 &p3);
+
+	//inverts the orfer of vertices
+	void Invert();
+
+	//returns the orientation of the polygon
+	//possible values:
+	//   Triangulator_CCW : polygon vertices are in counter-clockwise order
+	//   Triangulator_CW : polygon vertices are in clockwise order
+	//       0 : the polygon has no (measurable) area
+	int GetOrientation();
+
+	//sets the polygon orientation
+	//orientation can be
+	//   Triangulator_CCW : sets vertices in counter-clockwise order
+	//   Triangulator_CW : sets vertices in clockwise order
+	void SetOrientation(int orientation);
+};
+
+class TriangulatorPartition {
+protected:
+	struct PartitionVertex {
+		bool isActive;
+		bool isConvex;
+		bool isEar;
+
+		Vector2 p;
+		real_t angle;
+		PartitionVertex *previous;
+		PartitionVertex *next;
+	};
+
+	struct MonotoneVertex {
+		Vector2 p;
+		long previous;
+		long next;
+	};
+
+	struct VertexSorter{
+		mutable MonotoneVertex *vertices;
+		bool operator() (long index1, long index2) const;
+	};
+
+	struct Diagonal {
+		long index1;
+		long index2;
+	};
+
+	//dynamic programming state for minimum-weight triangulation
+	struct DPState {
+		bool visible;
+		real_t weight;
+		long bestvertex;
+	};
+
+	//dynamic programming state for convex partitioning
+	struct DPState2 {
+		bool visible;
+		long weight;
+		List<Diagonal> pairs;
+	};
+
+	//edge that intersects the scanline
+	struct ScanLineEdge {
+		mutable long index;
+		Vector2 p1;
+		Vector2 p2;
+
+		//determines if the edge is to the left of another edge
+		bool operator< (const ScanLineEdge & other) const;
+
+		bool IsConvex(const Vector2& p1, const Vector2& p2, const Vector2& p3) const;
+	};
+
+	//standard helper functions
+	bool IsConvex(Vector2& p1, Vector2& p2, Vector2& p3);
+	bool IsReflex(Vector2& p1, Vector2& p2, Vector2& p3);
+	bool IsInside(Vector2& p1, Vector2& p2, Vector2& p3, Vector2 &p);
+
+	bool InCone(Vector2 &p1, Vector2 &p2, Vector2 &p3, Vector2 &p);
+	bool InCone(PartitionVertex *v, Vector2 &p);
+
+	int Intersects(Vector2 &p11, Vector2 &p12, Vector2 &p21, Vector2 &p22);
+
+	Vector2 Normalize(const Vector2 &p);
+	real_t Distance(const Vector2 &p1, const Vector2 &p2);
+
+	//helper functions for Triangulate_EC
+	void UpdateVertexReflexity(PartitionVertex *v);
+	void UpdateVertex(PartitionVertex *v,PartitionVertex *vertices, long numvertices);
+
+	//helper functions for ConvexPartition_OPT
+	void UpdateState(long a, long b, long w, long i, long j, DPState2 **dpstates);
+	void TypeA(long i, long j, long k, PartitionVertex *vertices, DPState2 **dpstates);
+	void TypeB(long i, long j, long k, PartitionVertex *vertices, DPState2 **dpstates);
+
+	//helper functions for MonotonePartition
+	bool Below(Vector2 &p1, Vector2 &p2);
+	void AddDiagonal(MonotoneVertex *vertices, long *numvertices, long index1, long index2,
+			 char *vertextypes, Set<ScanLineEdge>::Element **edgeTreeIterators,
+			 Set<ScanLineEdge> *edgeTree, long *helpers);
+
+	//triangulates a monotone polygon, used in Triangulate_MONO
+	int TriangulateMonotone(TriangulatorPoly *inPoly, List<TriangulatorPoly> *triangles);
+
+public:
+
+	//simple heuristic procedure for removing holes from a list of polygons
+	//works by creating a diagonal from the rightmost hole vertex to some visible vertex
+	//time complexity: O(h*(n^2)), h is the number of holes, n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   inpolys : a list of polygons that can contain holes
+	//             vertices of all non-hole polys have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//             vertices of all hole polys have to be in clockwise order
+	//   outpolys : a list of polygons without holes
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int RemoveHoles(List<TriangulatorPoly> *inpolys, List<TriangulatorPoly> *outpolys);
+
+	//triangulates a polygon by ear clipping
+	//time complexity O(n^2), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   poly : an input polygon to be triangulated
+	//          vertices have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//   triangles : a list of triangles (result)
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int Triangulate_EC(TriangulatorPoly *poly, List<TriangulatorPoly> *triangles);
+
+	//triangulates a list of polygons that may contain holes by ear clipping algorithm
+	//first calls RemoveHoles to get rid of the holes, and then Triangulate_EC for each resulting polygon
+	//time complexity: O(h*(n^2)), h is the number of holes, n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   inpolys : a list of polygons to be triangulated (can contain holes)
+	//             vertices of all non-hole polys have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//             vertices of all hole polys have to be in clockwise order
+	//   triangles : a list of triangles (result)
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int Triangulate_EC(List<TriangulatorPoly> *inpolys, List<TriangulatorPoly> *triangles);
+
+	//creates an optimal polygon triangulation in terms of minimal edge length
+	//time complexity: O(n^3), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n^2)
+	//params:
+	//   poly : an input polygon to be triangulated
+	//          vertices have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//   triangles : a list of triangles (result)
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int Triangulate_OPT(TriangulatorPoly *poly, List<TriangulatorPoly> *triangles);
+
+	//triangulates a polygons by firstly partitioning it into monotone polygons
+	//time complexity: O(n*log(n)), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   poly : an input polygon to be triangulated
+	//          vertices have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//   triangles : a list of triangles (result)
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int Triangulate_MONO(TriangulatorPoly *poly, List<TriangulatorPoly> *triangles);
+
+	//triangulates a list of polygons by firstly partitioning them into monotone polygons
+	//time complexity: O(n*log(n)), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   inpolys : a list of polygons to be triangulated (can contain holes)
+	//             vertices of all non-hole polys have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//             vertices of all hole polys have to be in clockwise order
+	//   triangles : a list of triangles (result)
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int Triangulate_MONO(List<TriangulatorPoly> *inpolys, List<TriangulatorPoly> *triangles);
+
+	//creates a monotone partition of a list of polygons that can contain holes
+	//time complexity: O(n*log(n)), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   inpolys : a list of polygons to be triangulated (can contain holes)
+	//             vertices of all non-hole polys have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//             vertices of all hole polys have to be in clockwise order
+	//   monotonePolys : a list of monotone polygons (result)
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int MonotonePartition(List<TriangulatorPoly> *inpolys, List<TriangulatorPoly> *monotonePolys);
+
+	//partitions a polygon into convex polygons by using Hertel-Mehlhorn algorithm
+	//the algorithm gives at most four times the number of parts as the optimal algorithm
+	//however, in practice it works much better than that and often gives optimal partition
+	//uses triangulation obtained by ear clipping as intermediate result
+	//time complexity O(n^2), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   poly : an input polygon to be partitioned
+	//          vertices have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//   parts : resulting list of convex polygons
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int ConvexPartition_HM(TriangulatorPoly *poly, List<TriangulatorPoly> *parts);
+
+	//partitions a list of polygons into convex parts by using Hertel-Mehlhorn algorithm
+	//the algorithm gives at most four times the number of parts as the optimal algorithm
+	//however, in practice it works much better than that and often gives optimal partition
+	//uses triangulation obtained by ear clipping as intermediate result
+	//time complexity O(n^2), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n)
+	//params:
+	//   inpolys : an input list of polygons to be partitioned
+	//             vertices of all non-hole polys have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//             vertices of all hole polys have to be in clockwise order
+	//   parts : resulting list of convex polygons
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int ConvexPartition_HM(List<TriangulatorPoly> *inpolys, List<TriangulatorPoly> *parts);
+
+	//optimal convex partitioning (in terms of number of resulting convex polygons)
+	//using the Keil-Snoeyink algorithm
+	//M. Keil, J. Snoeyink, "On the time bound for convex decomposition of simple polygons", 1998
+	//time complexity O(n^3), n is the number of vertices
+	//space complexity: O(n^3)
+	//   poly : an input polygon to be partitioned
+	//          vertices have to be in counter-clockwise order
+	//   parts : resulting list of convex polygons
+	//returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
+	int ConvexPartition_OPT(TriangulatorPoly *poly, List<TriangulatorPoly> *parts);
+};
+
+
+#endif