[TextServer] Add ICU Unicode security and spoofing detection.

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+// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others.
+// License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html
+/*
+***************************************************************************
+* Copyright (C) 2008-2016, International Business Machines Corporation
+* and others. All Rights Reserved.
+***************************************************************************
+*   file name:  uspoof.h
+*   encoding:   UTF-8
+*   tab size:   8 (not used)
+*   indentation:4
+*
+*   created on: 2008Feb13
+*   created by: Andy Heninger
+*
+*   Unicode Spoof Detection
+*/
+
+#ifndef USPOOF_H
+#define USPOOF_H
+
+#include "unicode/utypes.h"
+#include "unicode/uset.h"
+#include "unicode/parseerr.h"
+
+#if !UCONFIG_NO_NORMALIZATION
+
+
+#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
+#include "unicode/localpointer.h"
+#include "unicode/unistr.h"
+#include "unicode/uniset.h"
+#endif
+
+
+/**
+ * \file
+ * \brief Unicode Security and Spoofing Detection, C API.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This class, based on <a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr36">Unicode Technical Report #36</a> and
+ * <a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr39">Unicode Technical Standard #39</a>, has two main functions:
+ *
+ * <ol>
+ * <li>Checking whether two strings are visually <em>confusable</em> with each other, such as "Harvest" and
+ * &quot;&Eta;arvest&quot;, where the second string starts with the Greek capital letter Eta.</li>
+ * <li>Checking whether an individual string is likely to be an attempt at confusing the reader (<em>spoof
+ * detection</em>), such as "paypal" with some Latin characters substituted with Cyrillic look-alikes.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Although originally designed as a method for flagging suspicious identifier strings such as URLs,
+ * <code>USpoofChecker</code> has a number of other practical use cases, such as preventing attempts to evade bad-word
+ * content filters.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The functions of this class are exposed as C API, with a handful of syntactical conveniences for C++.
+ *
+ * <h2>Confusables</h2>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The following example shows how to use <code>USpoofChecker</code> to check for confusability between two strings:
+ *
+ * \code{.c}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UChar* str1 = (UChar*) u"Harvest";
+ * UChar* str2 = (UChar*) u"\u0397arvest";  // with U+0397 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA
+ *
+ * USpoofChecker* sc = uspoof_open(&status);
+ * uspoof_setChecks(sc, USPOOF_CONFUSABLE, &status);
+ *
+ * int32_t bitmask = uspoof_areConfusable(sc, str1, -1, str2, -1, &status);
+ * UBool result = bitmask != 0;
+ * // areConfusable: 1 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("areConfusable: %d (status: %s)\n", result, u_errorName(status));
+ * uspoof_close(sc);
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The call to {@link uspoof_open} creates a <code>USpoofChecker</code> object; the call to {@link uspoof_setChecks}
+ * enables confusable checking and disables all other checks; the call to {@link uspoof_areConfusable} performs the
+ * confusability test; and the following line extracts the result out of the return value. For best performance,
+ * the instance should be created once (e.g., upon application startup), and the efficient
+ * {@link uspoof_areConfusable} method can be used at runtime.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * The type {@link LocalUSpoofCheckerPointer} is exposed for C++ programmers.  It will automatically call
+ * {@link uspoof_close} when the object goes out of scope:
+ *
+ * \code{.cpp}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * LocalUSpoofCheckerPointer sc(uspoof_open(&status));
+ * uspoof_setChecks(sc.getAlias(), USPOOF_CONFUSABLE, &status);
+ * // ...
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * UTS 39 defines two strings to be <em>confusable</em> if they map to the same <em>skeleton string</em>. A skeleton can
+ * be thought of as a "hash code". {@link uspoof_getSkeleton} computes the skeleton for a particular string, so
+ * the following snippet is equivalent to the example above:
+ *
+ * \code{.c}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UChar* str1 = (UChar*) u"Harvest";
+ * UChar* str2 = (UChar*) u"\u0397arvest";  // with U+0397 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA
+ *
+ * USpoofChecker* sc = uspoof_open(&status);
+ * uspoof_setChecks(sc, USPOOF_CONFUSABLE, &status);
+ *
+ * // Get skeleton 1
+ * int32_t skel1Len = uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, str1, -1, NULL, 0, &status);
+ * UChar* skel1 = (UChar*) malloc(++skel1Len * sizeof(UChar));
+ * status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, str1, -1, skel1, skel1Len, &status);
+ *
+ * // Get skeleton 2
+ * int32_t skel2Len = uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, str2, -1, NULL, 0, &status);
+ * UChar* skel2 = (UChar*) malloc(++skel2Len * sizeof(UChar));
+ * status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, str2, -1, skel2, skel2Len, &status);
+ *
+ * // Are the skeletons the same?
+ * UBool result = u_strcmp(skel1, skel2) == 0;
+ * // areConfusable: 1 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("areConfusable: %d (status: %s)\n", result, u_errorName(status));
+ * uspoof_close(sc);
+ * free(skel1);
+ * free(skel2);
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * If you need to check if a string is confusable with any string in a dictionary of many strings, rather than calling
+ * {@link uspoof_areConfusable} many times in a loop, {@link uspoof_getSkeleton} can be used instead, as shown below:
+ *
+ * \code{.c}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * #define DICTIONARY_LENGTH 2
+ * UChar* dictionary[DICTIONARY_LENGTH] = { (UChar*) u"lorem", (UChar*) u"ipsum" };
+ * UChar* skeletons[DICTIONARY_LENGTH];
+ * UChar* str = (UChar*) u"1orern";
+ *
+ * // Setup:
+ * USpoofChecker* sc = uspoof_open(&status);
+ * uspoof_setChecks(sc, USPOOF_CONFUSABLE, &status);
+ * for (size_t i=0; i<DICTIONARY_LENGTH; i++) {
+ *     UChar* word = dictionary[i];
+ *     int32_t len = uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, word, -1, NULL, 0, &status);
+ *     skeletons[i] = (UChar*) malloc(++len * sizeof(UChar));
+ *     status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ *     uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, word, -1, skeletons[i], len, &status);
+ * }
+ *
+ * // Live Check:
+ * {
+ *     int32_t len = uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, str, -1, NULL, 0, &status);
+ *     UChar* skel = (UChar*) malloc(++len * sizeof(UChar));
+ *     status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ *     uspoof_getSkeleton(sc, 0, str, -1, skel, len, &status);
+ *     UBool result = false;
+ *     for (size_t i=0; i<DICTIONARY_LENGTH; i++) {
+ *         result = u_strcmp(skel, skeletons[i]) == 0;
+ *         if (result == true) { break; }
+ *     }
+ *     // Has confusable in dictionary: 1 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ *     printf("Has confusable in dictionary: %d (status: %s)\n", result, u_errorName(status));
+ *     free(skel);
+ * }
+ *
+ * for (size_t i=0; i<DICTIONARY_LENGTH; i++) {
+ *     free(skeletons[i]);
+ * }
+ * uspoof_close(sc);
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * <b>Note:</b> Since the Unicode confusables mapping table is frequently updated, confusable skeletons are <em>not</em>
+ * guaranteed to be the same between ICU releases. We therefore recommend that you always compute confusable skeletons
+ * at runtime and do not rely on creating a permanent, or difficult to update, database of skeletons.
+ *
+ * <h2>Spoof Detection</h2>
+ *
+ * The following snippet shows a minimal example of using <code>USpoofChecker</code> to perform spoof detection on a
+ * string:
+ *
+ * \code{.c}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UChar* str = (UChar*) u"p\u0430ypal";  // with U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
+ *
+ * // Get the default set of allowable characters:
+ * USet* allowed = uset_openEmpty();
+ * uset_addAll(allowed, uspoof_getRecommendedSet(&status));
+ * uset_addAll(allowed, uspoof_getInclusionSet(&status));
+ *
+ * USpoofChecker* sc = uspoof_open(&status);
+ * uspoof_setAllowedChars(sc, allowed, &status);
+ * uspoof_setRestrictionLevel(sc, USPOOF_MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE);
+ *
+ * int32_t bitmask = uspoof_check(sc, str, -1, NULL, &status);
+ * UBool result = bitmask != 0;
+ * // fails checks: 1 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("fails checks: %d (status: %s)\n", result, u_errorName(status));
+ * uspoof_close(sc);
+ * uset_close(allowed);
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * As in the case for confusability checking, it is good practice to create one <code>USpoofChecker</code> instance at
+ * startup, and call the cheaper {@link uspoof_check} online. We specify the set of
+ * allowed characters to be those with type RECOMMENDED or INCLUSION, according to the recommendation in UTS 39.
+ *
+ * In addition to {@link uspoof_check}, the function {@link uspoof_checkUTF8} is exposed for UTF8-encoded char* strings,
+ * and {@link uspoof_checkUnicodeString} is exposed for C++ programmers.
+ *
+ * If the {@link USPOOF_AUX_INFO} check is enabled, a limited amount of information on why a string failed the checks
+ * is available in the returned bitmask.  For complete information, use the {@link uspoof_check2} class of functions
+ * with a {@link USpoofCheckResult} parameter:
+ *
+ * \code{.c}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UChar* str = (UChar*) u"p\u0430ypal";  // with U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
+ *
+ * // Get the default set of allowable characters:
+ * USet* allowed = uset_openEmpty();
+ * uset_addAll(allowed, uspoof_getRecommendedSet(&status));
+ * uset_addAll(allowed, uspoof_getInclusionSet(&status));
+ *
+ * USpoofChecker* sc = uspoof_open(&status);
+ * uspoof_setAllowedChars(sc, allowed, &status);
+ * uspoof_setRestrictionLevel(sc, USPOOF_MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE);
+ *
+ * USpoofCheckResult* checkResult = uspoof_openCheckResult(&status);
+ * int32_t bitmask = uspoof_check2(sc, str, -1, checkResult, &status);
+ *
+ * int32_t failures1 = bitmask;
+ * int32_t failures2 = uspoof_getCheckResultChecks(checkResult, &status);
+ * assert(failures1 == failures2);
+ * // checks that failed: 0x00000010 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("checks that failed: %#010x (status: %s)\n", failures1, u_errorName(status));
+ *
+ * // Cleanup:
+ * uspoof_close(sc);
+ * uset_close(allowed);
+ * uspoof_closeCheckResult(checkResult);
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * C++ users can take advantage of a few syntactical conveniences.  The following snippet is functionally
+ * equivalent to the one above:
+ *
+ * \code{.cpp}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UnicodeString str((UChar*) u"p\u0430ypal");  // with U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
+ *
+ * // Get the default set of allowable characters:
+ * UnicodeSet allowed;
+ * allowed.addAll(*uspoof_getRecommendedUnicodeSet(&status));
+ * allowed.addAll(*uspoof_getInclusionUnicodeSet(&status));
+ *
+ * LocalUSpoofCheckerPointer sc(uspoof_open(&status));
+ * uspoof_setAllowedChars(sc.getAlias(), allowed.toUSet(), &status);
+ * uspoof_setRestrictionLevel(sc.getAlias(), USPOOF_MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE);
+ *
+ * LocalUSpoofCheckResultPointer checkResult(uspoof_openCheckResult(&status));
+ * int32_t bitmask = uspoof_check2UnicodeString(sc.getAlias(), str, checkResult.getAlias(), &status);
+ *
+ * int32_t failures1 = bitmask;
+ * int32_t failures2 = uspoof_getCheckResultChecks(checkResult.getAlias(), &status);
+ * assert(failures1 == failures2);
+ * // checks that failed: 0x00000010 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("checks that failed: %#010x (status: %s)\n", failures1, u_errorName(status));
+ *
+ * // Explicit cleanup not necessary.
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * The return value is a bitmask of the checks that failed. In this case, there was one check that failed:
+ * {@link USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL}, corresponding to the fifth bit (16). The possible checks are:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ * <li><code>RESTRICTION_LEVEL</code>: flags strings that violate the
+ * <a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr39/#Restriction_Level_Detection">Restriction Level</a> test as specified in UTS
+ * 39; in most cases, this means flagging strings that contain characters from multiple different scripts.</li>
+ * <li><code>INVISIBLE</code>: flags strings that contain invisible characters, such as zero-width spaces, or character
+ * sequences that are likely not to display, such as multiple occurrences of the same non-spacing mark.</li>
+ * <li><code>CHAR_LIMIT</code>: flags strings that contain characters outside of a specified set of acceptable
+ * characters. See {@link uspoof_setAllowedChars} and {@link uspoof_setAllowedLocales}.</li>
+ * <li><code>MIXED_NUMBERS</code>: flags strings that contain digits from multiple different numbering systems.</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * These checks can be enabled independently of each other. For example, if you were interested in checking for only the
+ * INVISIBLE and MIXED_NUMBERS conditions, you could do:
+ *
+ * \code{.c}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UChar* str = (UChar*) u"8\u09EA";  // 8 mixed with U+09EA BENGALI DIGIT FOUR
+ *
+ * USpoofChecker* sc = uspoof_open(&status);
+ * uspoof_setChecks(sc, USPOOF_INVISIBLE | USPOOF_MIXED_NUMBERS, &status);
+ *
+ * int32_t bitmask = uspoof_check2(sc, str, -1, NULL, &status);
+ * UBool result = bitmask != 0;
+ * // fails checks: 1 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("fails checks: %d (status: %s)\n", result, u_errorName(status));
+ * uspoof_close(sc);
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * Here is an example in C++ showing how to compute the restriction level of a string:
+ *
+ * \code{.cpp}
+ * UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+ * UnicodeString str((UChar*) u"p\u0430ypal");  // with U+0430 CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A
+ *
+ * // Get the default set of allowable characters:
+ * UnicodeSet allowed;
+ * allowed.addAll(*uspoof_getRecommendedUnicodeSet(&status));
+ * allowed.addAll(*uspoof_getInclusionUnicodeSet(&status));
+ *
+ * LocalUSpoofCheckerPointer sc(uspoof_open(&status));
+ * uspoof_setAllowedChars(sc.getAlias(), allowed.toUSet(), &status);
+ * uspoof_setRestrictionLevel(sc.getAlias(), USPOOF_MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE);
+ * uspoof_setChecks(sc.getAlias(), USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL | USPOOF_AUX_INFO, &status);
+ *
+ * LocalUSpoofCheckResultPointer checkResult(uspoof_openCheckResult(&status));
+ * int32_t bitmask = uspoof_check2UnicodeString(sc.getAlias(), str, checkResult.getAlias(), &status);
+ *
+ * URestrictionLevel restrictionLevel = uspoof_getCheckResultRestrictionLevel(checkResult.getAlias(), &status);
+ * // Since USPOOF_AUX_INFO was enabled, the restriction level is also available in the upper bits of the bitmask:
+ * assert((restrictionLevel & bitmask) == restrictionLevel);
+ * // Restriction level: 0x50000000 (status: U_ZERO_ERROR)
+ * printf("Restriction level: %#010x (status: %s)\n", restrictionLevel, u_errorName(status));
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * The code '0x50000000' corresponds to the restriction level USPOOF_MINIMALLY_RESTRICTIVE.  Since
+ * USPOOF_MINIMALLY_RESTRICTIVE is weaker than USPOOF_MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE, the string fails the check.
+ *
+ * <b>Note:</b> The Restriction Level is the most powerful of the checks. The full logic is documented in
+ * <a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr39/#Restriction_Level_Detection">UTS 39</a>, but the basic idea is that strings
+ * are restricted to contain characters from only a single script, <em>except</em> that most scripts are allowed to have
+ * Latin characters interspersed. Although the default restriction level is <code>HIGHLY_RESTRICTIVE</code>, it is
+ * recommended that users set their restriction level to <code>MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE</code>, which allows Latin mixed
+ * with all other scripts except Cyrillic, Greek, and Cherokee, with which it is often confusable. For more details on
+ * the levels, see UTS 39 or {@link URestrictionLevel}. The Restriction Level test is aware of the set of
+ * allowed characters set in {@link uspoof_setAllowedChars}. Note that characters which have script code
+ * COMMON or INHERITED, such as numbers and punctuation, are ignored when computing whether a string has multiple
+ * scripts.
+ *
+ * <h2>Additional Information</h2>
+ *
+ * A <code>USpoofChecker</code> instance may be used repeatedly to perform checks on any number of identifiers.
+ *
+ * <b>Thread Safety:</b> The test functions for checking a single identifier, or for testing whether
+ * two identifiers are possible confusable, are thread safe. They may called concurrently, from multiple threads,
+ * using the same USpoofChecker instance.
+ *
+ * More generally, the standard ICU thread safety rules apply: functions that take a const USpoofChecker parameter are
+ * thread safe. Those that take a non-const USpoofChecker are not thread safe..
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.6
+ */
+
+U_CDECL_BEGIN
+
+struct USpoofChecker;
+/**
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+typedef struct USpoofChecker USpoofChecker; /**< typedef for C of USpoofChecker */
+
+struct USpoofCheckResult;
+/**
+ * @see uspoof_openCheckResult
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+typedef struct USpoofCheckResult USpoofCheckResult;
+
+/**
+ * Enum for the kinds of checks that USpoofChecker can perform.
+ * These enum values are used both to select the set of checks that
+ * will be performed, and to report results from the check function.
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+typedef enum USpoofChecks {
+    /**
+     * When performing the two-string {@link uspoof_areConfusable} test, this flag in the return value indicates
+     * that the two strings are visually confusable and that they are from the same script, according to UTS 39 section
+     * 4.
+     *
+     * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+     * @stable ICU 4.2
+     */
+    USPOOF_SINGLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE =   1,
+
+    /**
+     * When performing the two-string {@link uspoof_areConfusable} test, this flag in the return value indicates
+     * that the two strings are visually confusable and that they are <b>not</b> from the same script, according to UTS
+     * 39 section 4.
+     *
+     * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+     * @stable ICU 4.2
+     */
+    USPOOF_MIXED_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE  =   2,
+
+    /**
+     * When performing the two-string {@link uspoof_areConfusable} test, this flag in the return value indicates
+     * that the two strings are visually confusable and that they are not from the same script but both of them are
+     * single-script strings, according to UTS 39 section 4.
+     *
+     * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+     * @stable ICU 4.2
+     */
+    USPOOF_WHOLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE  =   4,
+
+    /**
+     * Enable this flag in {@link uspoof_setChecks} to turn on all types of confusables.  You may set
+     * the checks to some subset of SINGLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE, MIXED_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE, or WHOLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE to
+     * make {@link uspoof_areConfusable} return only those types of confusables.
+     *
+     * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+     * @see uspoof_getSkeleton
+     * @stable ICU 58
+     */
+    USPOOF_CONFUSABLE               =   USPOOF_SINGLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE | USPOOF_MIXED_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE | USPOOF_WHOLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE,
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+    /**
+      * This flag is deprecated and no longer affects the behavior of SpoofChecker.
+      *
+      * @deprecated ICU 58  Any case confusable mappings were removed from UTS 39; the corresponding ICU API was deprecated.
+      */
+    USPOOF_ANY_CASE                 =   8,
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+    /**
+      * Check that an identifier is no looser than the specified RestrictionLevel.
+      * The default if {@link uspoof_setRestrictionLevel} is not called is HIGHLY_RESTRICTIVE.
+      *
+      * If USPOOF_AUX_INFO is enabled the actual restriction level of the
+      * identifier being tested will also be returned by uspoof_check().
+      *
+      * @see URestrictionLevel
+      * @see uspoof_setRestrictionLevel
+      * @see USPOOF_AUX_INFO
+      *
+      * @stable ICU 51
+      */
+    USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL        = 16,
+
+#ifndef U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API
+    /** Check that an identifier contains only characters from a
+      * single script (plus chars from the common and inherited scripts.)
+      * Applies to checks of a single identifier check only.
+      * @deprecated ICU 51  Use RESTRICTION_LEVEL instead.
+      */
+    USPOOF_SINGLE_SCRIPT            =  USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL,
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_DEPRECATED_API */
+
+    /** Check an identifier for the presence of invisible characters,
+      * such as zero-width spaces, or character sequences that are
+      * likely not to display, such as multiple occurrences of the same
+      * non-spacing mark.  This check does not test the input string as a whole
+      * for conformance to any particular syntax for identifiers.
+      */
+    USPOOF_INVISIBLE                =  32,
+
+    /** Check that an identifier contains only characters from a specified set
+      * of acceptable characters.  See {@link uspoof_setAllowedChars} and
+      * {@link uspoof_setAllowedLocales}.  Note that a string that fails this check
+      * will also fail the {@link USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL} check.
+      */
+    USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT               =  64,
+
+    /**
+     * Check that an identifier does not mix numbers from different numbering systems.
+     * For more information, see UTS 39 section 5.3.
+     *
+     * @stable ICU 51
+     */
+    USPOOF_MIXED_NUMBERS            = 128,
+
+    /**
+     * Check that an identifier does not have a combining character following a character in which that
+     * combining character would be hidden; for example 'i' followed by a U+0307 combining dot.
+     *
+     * More specifically, the following characters are forbidden from preceding a U+0307:
+     * <ul>
+     * <li>Those with the Soft_Dotted Unicode property (which includes 'i' and 'j')</li>
+     * <li>Latin lowercase letter 'l'</li>
+     * <li>Dotless 'i' and 'j' ('ı' and 'ȷ', U+0131 and U+0237)</li>
+     * <li>Any character whose confusable prototype ends with such a character
+     * (Soft_Dotted, 'l', 'ı', or 'ȷ')</li>
+     * </ul>
+     * In addition, combining characters are allowed between the above characters and U+0307 except those
+     * with combining class 0 or combining class "Above" (230, same class as U+0307).
+     *
+     * This list and the number of combing characters considered by this check may grow over time.
+     *
+     * @stable ICU 62
+     */
+    USPOOF_HIDDEN_OVERLAY            = 256,
+
+   /**
+     * Enable all spoof checks.
+     *
+     * @stable ICU 4.6
+     */
+    USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS               = 0xFFFF,
+
+    /**
+      * Enable the return of auxiliary (non-error) information in the
+      * upper bits of the check results value.
+      *
+      * If this "check" is not enabled, the results of {@link uspoof_check} will be
+      * zero when an identifier passes all of the enabled checks.
+      *
+      * If this "check" is enabled, (uspoof_check() & {@link USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS}) will
+      * be zero when an identifier passes all checks.
+      *
+      * @stable ICU 51
+      */
+    USPOOF_AUX_INFO                  = 0x40000000
+
+    } USpoofChecks;
+
+
+    /**
+     * Constants from UAX #39 for use in {@link uspoof_setRestrictionLevel}, and
+     * for returned identifier restriction levels in check results.
+     *
+     * @stable ICU 51
+     *
+     * @see uspoof_setRestrictionLevel
+     * @see uspoof_check
+     */
+    typedef enum URestrictionLevel {
+        /**
+         * All characters in the string are in the identifier profile and all characters in the string are in the
+         * ASCII range.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 51
+         */
+        USPOOF_ASCII = 0x10000000,
+        /**
+         * The string classifies as ASCII-Only, or all characters in the string are in the identifier profile and
+         * the string is single-script, according to the definition in UTS 39 section 5.1.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 53
+         */
+        USPOOF_SINGLE_SCRIPT_RESTRICTIVE = 0x20000000,
+        /**
+         * The string classifies as Single Script, or all characters in the string are in the identifier profile and
+         * the string is covered by any of the following sets of scripts, according to the definition in UTS 39
+         * section 5.1:
+         * <ul>
+         *   <li>Latin + Han + Bopomofo (or equivalently: Latn + Hanb)</li>
+         *   <li>Latin + Han + Hiragana + Katakana (or equivalently: Latn + Jpan)</li>
+         *   <li>Latin + Han + Hangul (or equivalently: Latn +Kore)</li>
+         * </ul>
+         * This is the default restriction in ICU.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 51
+         */
+        USPOOF_HIGHLY_RESTRICTIVE = 0x30000000,
+        /**
+         * The string classifies as Highly Restrictive, or all characters in the string are in the identifier profile
+         * and the string is covered by Latin and any one other Recommended or Aspirational script, except Cyrillic,
+         * Greek, and Cherokee.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 51
+         */
+        USPOOF_MODERATELY_RESTRICTIVE = 0x40000000,
+        /**
+         * All characters in the string are in the identifier profile.  Allow arbitrary mixtures of scripts.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 51
+         */
+        USPOOF_MINIMALLY_RESTRICTIVE = 0x50000000,
+        /**
+         * Any valid identifiers, including characters outside of the Identifier Profile.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 51
+         */
+        USPOOF_UNRESTRICTIVE = 0x60000000,
+        /**
+         * Mask for selecting the Restriction Level bits from the return value of {@link uspoof_check}.
+         *
+         * @stable ICU 53
+         */
+        USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL_MASK = 0x7F000000,
+#ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API
+        /**
+         * An undefined restriction level.
+         * @internal
+         */
+        USPOOF_UNDEFINED_RESTRICTIVE = -1
+#endif  /* U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API */
+    } URestrictionLevel;
+
+/**
+ *  Create a Unicode Spoof Checker, configured to perform all
+ *  checks except for USPOOF_LOCALE_LIMIT and USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT.
+ *  Note that additional checks may be added in the future,
+ *  resulting in the changes to the default checking behavior.
+ *
+ *  @param status  The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ *  @return        the newly created Spoof Checker
+ *  @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI USpoofChecker * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_open(UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Open a Spoof checker from its serialized form, stored in 32-bit-aligned memory.
+ * Inverse of uspoof_serialize().
+ * The memory containing the serialized data must remain valid and unchanged
+ * as long as the spoof checker, or any cloned copies of the spoof checker,
+ * are in use.  Ownership of the memory remains with the caller.
+ * The spoof checker (and any clones) must be closed prior to deleting the
+ * serialized data.
+ *
+ * @param data a pointer to 32-bit-aligned memory containing the serialized form of spoof data
+ * @param length the number of bytes available at data;
+ *               can be more than necessary
+ * @param pActualLength receives the actual number of bytes at data taken up by the data;
+ *                      can be NULL
+ * @param pErrorCode ICU error code
+ * @return the spoof checker.
+ *
+ * @see uspoof_open
+ * @see uspoof_serialize
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI USpoofChecker * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_openFromSerialized(const void *data, int32_t length, int32_t *pActualLength,
+                          UErrorCode *pErrorCode);
+
+/**
+  * Open a Spoof Checker from the source form of the spoof data.
+  * The input corresponds to the Unicode data file confusables.txt
+  * as described in Unicode UAX #39.  The syntax of the source data
+  * is as described in UAX #39 for this file, and the content of
+  * this file is acceptable input.
+  *
+  * The character encoding of the (char *) input text is UTF-8.
+  *
+  * @param confusables a pointer to the confusable characters definitions,
+  *                    as found in file confusables.txt from unicode.org.
+  * @param confusablesLen The length of the confusables text, or -1 if the
+  *                    input string is zero terminated.
+  * @param confusablesWholeScript
+  *                    Deprecated in ICU 58.  No longer used.
+  * @param confusablesWholeScriptLen
+  *                    Deprecated in ICU 58.  No longer used.
+  * @param errType     In the event of an error in the input, indicates
+  *                    which of the input files contains the error.
+  *                    The value is one of USPOOF_SINGLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE or
+  *                    USPOOF_WHOLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE, or
+  *                    zero if no errors are found.
+  * @param pe          In the event of an error in the input, receives the position
+  *                    in the input text (line, offset) of the error.
+  * @param status      an in/out ICU UErrorCode.  Among the possible errors is
+  *                    U_PARSE_ERROR, which is used to report syntax errors
+  *                    in the input.
+  * @return            A spoof checker that uses the rules from the input files.
+  * @stable ICU 4.2
+  */
+U_CAPI USpoofChecker * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_openFromSource(const char *confusables,  int32_t confusablesLen,
+                      const char *confusablesWholeScript, int32_t confusablesWholeScriptLen,
+                      int32_t *errType, UParseError *pe, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+  * Close a Spoof Checker, freeing any memory that was being held by
+  *   its implementation.
+  * @stable ICU 4.2
+  */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_close(USpoofChecker *sc);
+
+/**
+ * Clone a Spoof Checker.  The clone will be set to perform the same checks
+ *   as the original source.
+ *
+ * @param sc       The source USpoofChecker
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @return
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI USpoofChecker * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_clone(const USpoofChecker *sc, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Specify the bitmask of checks that will be performed by {@link uspoof_check}. Calling this method
+ * overwrites any checks that may have already been enabled. By default, all checks are enabled.
+ *
+ * To enable specific checks and disable all others,
+ * OR together only the bit constants for the desired checks.
+ * For example, to fail strings containing characters outside of
+ * the set specified by {@link uspoof_setAllowedChars} and
+ * also strings that contain digits from mixed numbering systems:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * {@code
+ * uspoof_setChecks(USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT | USPOOF_MIXED_NUMBERS);
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * To disable specific checks and enable all others,
+ * start with ALL_CHECKS and "AND away" the not-desired checks.
+ * For example, if you are not planning to use the {@link uspoof_areConfusable} functionality,
+ * it is good practice to disable the CONFUSABLE check:
+ *
+ * <pre>
+ * {@code
+ * uspoof_setChecks(USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS & ~USPOOF_CONFUSABLE);
+ * }
+ * </pre>
+ *
+ * Note that methods such as {@link uspoof_setAllowedChars}, {@link uspoof_setAllowedLocales}, and
+ * {@link uspoof_setRestrictionLevel} will enable certain checks when called. Those methods will OR the check they
+ * enable onto the existing bitmask specified by this method. For more details, see the documentation of those
+ * methods.
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param checks         The set of checks that this spoof checker will perform.
+ *                 The value is a bit set, obtained by OR-ing together
+ *                 values from enum USpoofChecks.
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ *
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_setChecks(USpoofChecker *sc, int32_t checks, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Get the set of checks that this Spoof Checker has been configured to perform.
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @return         The set of checks that this spoof checker will perform.
+ *                 The value is a bit set, obtained by OR-ing together
+ *                 values from enum USpoofChecks.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ *
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getChecks(const USpoofChecker *sc, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Set the loosest restriction level allowed for strings. The default if this is not called is
+ * {@link USPOOF_HIGHLY_RESTRICTIVE}. Calling this method enables the {@link USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL} and
+ * {@link USPOOF_MIXED_NUMBERS} checks, corresponding to Sections 5.1 and 5.2 of UTS 39. To customize which checks are
+ * to be performed by {@link uspoof_check}, see {@link uspoof_setChecks}.
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param restrictionLevel The loosest restriction level allowed.
+ * @see URestrictionLevel
+ * @stable ICU 51
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_setRestrictionLevel(USpoofChecker *sc, URestrictionLevel restrictionLevel);
+
+
+/**
+  * Get the Restriction Level that will be tested if the checks include {@link USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL}.
+  *
+  * @return The restriction level
+  * @see URestrictionLevel
+  * @stable ICU 51
+  */
+U_CAPI URestrictionLevel U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getRestrictionLevel(const USpoofChecker *sc);
+
+/**
+ * Limit characters that are acceptable in identifiers being checked to those
+ * normally used with the languages associated with the specified locales.
+ * Any previously specified list of locales is replaced by the new settings.
+ *
+ * A set of languages is determined from the locale(s), and
+ * from those a set of acceptable Unicode scripts is determined.
+ * Characters from this set of scripts, along with characters from
+ * the "common" and "inherited" Unicode Script categories
+ * will be permitted.
+ *
+ * Supplying an empty string removes all restrictions;
+ * characters from any script will be allowed.
+ *
+ * The {@link USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT} test is automatically enabled for this
+ * USpoofChecker when calling this function with a non-empty list
+ * of locales.
+ *
+ * The Unicode Set of characters that will be allowed is accessible
+ * via the uspoof_getAllowedChars() function.  uspoof_setAllowedLocales()
+ * will <i>replace</i> any previously applied set of allowed characters.
+ *
+ * Adjustments, such as additions or deletions of certain classes of characters,
+ * can be made to the result of uspoof_setAllowedLocales() by
+ * fetching the resulting set with uspoof_getAllowedChars(),
+ * manipulating it with the Unicode Set API, then resetting the
+ * spoof detectors limits with uspoof_setAllowedChars().
+ *
+ * @param sc           The USpoofChecker
+ * @param localesList  A list list of locales, from which the language
+ *                     and associated script are extracted.  The locales
+ *                     are comma-separated if there is more than one.
+ *                     White space may not appear within an individual locale,
+ *                     but is ignored otherwise.
+ *                     The locales are syntactically like those from the
+ *                     HTTP Accept-Language header.
+ *                     If the localesList is empty, no restrictions will be placed on
+ *                     the allowed characters.
+ *
+ * @param status       The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_setAllowedLocales(USpoofChecker *sc, const char *localesList, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Get a list of locales for the scripts that are acceptable in strings
+ *  to be checked.  If no limitations on scripts have been specified,
+ *  an empty string will be returned.
+ *
+ *  uspoof_setAllowedChars() will reset the list of allowed to be empty.
+ *
+ *  The format of the returned list is the same as that supplied to
+ *  uspoof_setAllowedLocales(), but returned list may not be identical
+ *  to the originally specified string; the string may be reformatted,
+ *  and information other than languages from
+ *  the originally specified locales may be omitted.
+ *
+ * @param sc           The USpoofChecker
+ * @param status       The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @return             A string containing a list of  locales corresponding
+ *                     to the acceptable scripts, formatted like an
+ *                     HTTP Accept Language value.
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI const char * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getAllowedLocales(USpoofChecker *sc, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Limit the acceptable characters to those specified by a Unicode Set.
+ *   Any previously specified character limit is
+ *   is replaced by the new settings.  This includes limits on
+ *   characters that were set with the uspoof_setAllowedLocales() function.
+ *
+ * The USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT test is automatically enabled for this
+ * USpoofChecker by this function.
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param chars    A Unicode Set containing the list of
+ *                 characters that are permitted.  Ownership of the set
+ *                 remains with the caller.  The incoming set is cloned by
+ *                 this function, so there are no restrictions on modifying
+ *                 or deleting the USet after calling this function.
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_setAllowedChars(USpoofChecker *sc, const USet *chars, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Get a USet for the characters permitted in an identifier.
+ * This corresponds to the limits imposed by the Set Allowed Characters
+ * functions. Limitations imposed by other checks will not be
+ * reflected in the set returned by this function.
+ *
+ * The returned set will be frozen, meaning that it cannot be modified
+ * by the caller.
+ *
+ * Ownership of the returned set remains with the Spoof Detector.  The
+ * returned set will become invalid if the spoof detector is closed,
+ * or if a new set of allowed characters is specified.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @return         A USet containing the characters that are permitted by
+ *                 the USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT test.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI const USet * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getAllowedChars(const USpoofChecker *sc, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Check the specified string for possible security issues.
+ * The text to be checked will typically be an identifier of some sort.
+ * The set of checks to be performed is specified with uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * \note
+ *   Consider using the newer API, {@link uspoof_check2}, instead.
+ *   The newer API exposes additional information from the check procedure
+ *   and is otherwise identical to this method.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id      The identifier to be checked for possible security issues,
+ *                in UTF-16 format.
+ * @param length  the length of the string to be checked, expressed in
+ *                16 bit UTF-16 code units, or -1 if the string is
+ *                zero terminated.
+ * @param position  Deprecated in ICU 51.  Always returns zero.
+ *                Originally, an out parameter for the index of the first
+ *                string position that failed a check.
+ *                This parameter may be NULL.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Spoofing or security issues detected with the input string are
+ *                not reported here, but through the function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.
+ * @see uspoof_check2
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_check(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                         const UChar *id, int32_t length,
+                         int32_t *position,
+                         UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Check the specified string for possible security issues.
+ * The text to be checked will typically be an identifier of some sort.
+ * The set of checks to be performed is specified with uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * \note
+ *   Consider using the newer API, {@link uspoof_check2UTF8}, instead.
+ *   The newer API exposes additional information from the check procedure
+ *   and is otherwise identical to this method.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id      A identifier to be checked for possible security issues, in UTF8 format.
+ * @param length  the length of the string to be checked, or -1 if the string is
+ *                zero terminated.
+ * @param position  Deprecated in ICU 51.  Always returns zero.
+ *                Originally, an out parameter for the index of the first
+ *                string position that failed a check.
+ *                This parameter may be NULL.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Spoofing or security issues detected with the input string are
+ *                not reported here, but through the function's return value.
+ *                If the input contains invalid UTF-8 sequences,
+ *                a status of U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND will be returned.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.
+ * @see uspoof_check2UTF8
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_checkUTF8(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                 const char *id, int32_t length,
+                 int32_t *position,
+                 UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Check the specified string for possible security issues.
+ * The text to be checked will typically be an identifier of some sort.
+ * The set of checks to be performed is specified with uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id      The identifier to be checked for possible security issues,
+ *                in UTF-16 format.
+ * @param length  the length of the string to be checked, or -1 if the string is
+ *                zero terminated.
+ * @param checkResult  An instance of USpoofCheckResult to be filled with
+ *                details about the identifier.  Can be NULL.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Spoofing or security issues detected with the input string are
+ *                not reported here, but through the function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.  Any information in this bitmask will be
+ *                consistent with the information saved in the optional
+ *                checkResult parameter.
+ * @see uspoof_openCheckResult
+ * @see uspoof_check2UTF8
+ * @see uspoof_check2UnicodeString
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_check2(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+    const UChar* id, int32_t length,
+    USpoofCheckResult* checkResult,
+    UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Check the specified string for possible security issues.
+ * The text to be checked will typically be an identifier of some sort.
+ * The set of checks to be performed is specified with uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * This version of {@link uspoof_check} accepts a USpoofCheckResult, which
+ * returns additional information about the identifier.  For more
+ * information, see {@link uspoof_openCheckResult}.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id      A identifier to be checked for possible security issues, in UTF8 format.
+ * @param length  the length of the string to be checked, or -1 if the string is
+ *                zero terminated.
+ * @param checkResult  An instance of USpoofCheckResult to be filled with
+ *                details about the identifier.  Can be NULL.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Spoofing or security issues detected with the input string are
+ *                not reported here, but through the function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.  Any information in this bitmask will be
+ *                consistent with the information saved in the optional
+ *                checkResult parameter.
+ * @see uspoof_openCheckResult
+ * @see uspoof_check2
+ * @see uspoof_check2UnicodeString
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_check2UTF8(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+    const char *id, int32_t length,
+    USpoofCheckResult* checkResult,
+    UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Create a USpoofCheckResult, used by the {@link uspoof_check2} class of functions to return
+ * information about the identifier.  Information includes:
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>A bitmask of the checks that failed</li>
+ *   <li>The identifier's restriction level (UTS 39 section 5.2)</li>
+ *   <li>The set of numerics in the string (UTS 39 section 5.3)</li>
+ * </ul>
+ * The data held in a USpoofCheckResult is cleared whenever it is passed into a new call
+ * of {@link uspoof_check2}.
+ *
+ * @param status  The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @return        the newly created USpoofCheckResult
+ * @see uspoof_check2
+ * @see uspoof_check2UTF8
+ * @see uspoof_check2UnicodeString
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI USpoofCheckResult* U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_openCheckResult(UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Close a USpoofCheckResult, freeing any memory that was being held by
+ *   its implementation.
+ *
+ * @param checkResult  The instance of USpoofCheckResult to close
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_closeCheckResult(USpoofCheckResult *checkResult);
+
+/**
+ * Indicates which of the spoof check(s) have failed. The value is a bitwise OR of the constants for the tests
+ * in question: USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL, USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT, and so on.
+ *
+ * @param checkResult  The instance of USpoofCheckResult created by {@link uspoof_openCheckResult}
+ * @param status       The error code, set if an error occurred.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.
+ * @see uspoof_setChecks
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getCheckResultChecks(const USpoofCheckResult *checkResult, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the restriction level that the text meets, if the USPOOF_RESTRICTION_LEVEL check
+ * was enabled; otherwise, undefined.
+ *
+ * @param checkResult  The instance of USpoofCheckResult created by {@link uspoof_openCheckResult}
+ * @param status       The error code, set if an error occurred.
+ * @return             The restriction level contained in the USpoofCheckResult
+ * @see uspoof_setRestrictionLevel
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI URestrictionLevel U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getCheckResultRestrictionLevel(const USpoofCheckResult *checkResult, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Gets the set of numerics found in the string, if the USPOOF_MIXED_NUMBERS check was enabled;
+ * otherwise, undefined.  The set will contain the zero digit from each decimal number system found
+ * in the input string.  Ownership of the returned USet remains with the USpoofCheckResult.
+ * The USet will be free'd when {@link uspoof_closeCheckResult} is called.
+ *
+ * @param checkResult  The instance of USpoofCheckResult created by {@link uspoof_openCheckResult}
+ * @return             The set of numerics contained in the USpoofCheckResult
+ * @param status       The error code, set if an error occurred.
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI const USet* U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getCheckResultNumerics(const USpoofCheckResult *checkResult, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Check the whether two specified strings are visually confusable.
+ *
+ * If the strings are confusable, the return value will be nonzero, as long as
+ * {@link USPOOF_CONFUSABLE} was enabled in uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * The bits in the return value correspond to flags for each of the classes of
+ * confusables applicable to the two input strings.  According to UTS 39
+ * section 4, the possible flags are:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>{@link USPOOF_SINGLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE}</li>
+ *   <li>{@link USPOOF_MIXED_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE}</li>
+ *   <li>{@link USPOOF_WHOLE_SCRIPT_CONFUSABLE}</li>
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * If one or more of the above flags were not listed in uspoof_setChecks(), this
+ * function will never report that class of confusable.  The check
+ * {@link USPOOF_CONFUSABLE} enables all three flags.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id1     The first of the two identifiers to be compared for
+ *                confusability.  The strings are in UTF-16 format.
+ * @param length1 the length of the first identifier, expressed in
+ *                16 bit UTF-16 code units, or -1 if the string is
+ *                nul terminated.
+ * @param id2     The second of the two identifiers to be compared for
+ *                confusability.  The identifiers are in UTF-16 format.
+ * @param length2 The length of the second identifiers, expressed in
+ *                16 bit UTF-16 code units, or -1 if the string is
+ *                nul terminated.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Confusability of the identifiers is not reported here,
+ *                but through this function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bit(s) set corresponding to
+ *                the type of confusability found, as defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  Zero is returned if the identifiers
+ *                are not confusable.
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_areConfusable(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                     const UChar *id1, int32_t length1,
+                     const UChar *id2, int32_t length2,
+                     UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+
+/**
+ * A version of {@link uspoof_areConfusable} accepting strings in UTF-8 format.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id1     The first of the two identifiers to be compared for
+ *                confusability.  The strings are in UTF-8 format.
+ * @param length1 the length of the first identifiers, in bytes, or -1
+ *                if the string is nul terminated.
+ * @param id2     The second of the two identifiers to be compared for
+ *                confusability.  The strings are in UTF-8 format.
+ * @param length2 The length of the second string in bytes, or -1
+ *                if the string is nul terminated.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Confusability of the strings is not reported here,
+ *                but through this function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bit(s) set corresponding to
+ *                the type of confusability found, as defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  Zero is returned if the strings
+ *                are not confusable.
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ *
+ * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_areConfusableUTF8(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                         const char *id1, int32_t length1,
+                         const char *id2, int32_t length2,
+                         UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+
+
+/**
+ *  Get the "skeleton" for an identifier.
+ *  Skeletons are a transformation of the input identifier;
+ * Two identifiers are confusable if their skeletons are identical.
+ *  See Unicode UAX #39 for additional information.
+ *
+ *  Using skeletons directly makes it possible to quickly check
+ *  whether an identifier is confusable with any of some large
+ *  set of existing identifiers, by creating an efficiently
+ *  searchable collection of the skeletons.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param type    Deprecated in ICU 58.  You may pass any number.
+ *                Originally, controlled which of the Unicode confusable data
+ *                tables to use.
+ * @param id      The input identifier whose skeleton will be computed.
+ * @param length  The length of the input identifier, expressed in 16 bit
+ *                UTF-16 code units, or -1 if the string is zero terminated.
+ * @param dest    The output buffer, to receive the skeleton string.
+ * @param destCapacity  The length of the output buffer, in 16 bit units.
+ *                The destCapacity may be zero, in which case the function will
+ *                return the actual length of the skeleton.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ * @return        The length of the skeleton string.  The returned length
+ *                is always that of the complete skeleton, even when the
+ *                supplied buffer is too small (or of zero length)
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getSkeleton(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                   uint32_t type,
+                   const UChar *id,  int32_t length,
+                   UChar *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
+                   UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ *  Get the "skeleton" for an identifier.
+ *  Skeletons are a transformation of the input identifier;
+ *  Two identifiers are confusable if their skeletons are identical.
+ *  See Unicode UAX #39 for additional information.
+ *
+ *  Using skeletons directly makes it possible to quickly check
+ *  whether an identifier is confusable with any of some large
+ *  set of existing identifiers, by creating an efficiently
+ *  searchable collection of the skeletons.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param type    Deprecated in ICU 58.  You may pass any number.
+ *                Originally, controlled which of the Unicode confusable data
+ *                tables to use.
+ * @param id      The UTF-8 format identifier whose skeleton will be computed.
+ * @param length  The length of the input string, in bytes,
+ *                or -1 if the string is zero terminated.
+ * @param dest    The output buffer, to receive the skeleton string.
+ * @param destCapacity  The length of the output buffer, in bytes.
+ *                The destCapacity may be zero, in which case the function will
+ *                return the actual length of the skeleton.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.  Possible Errors include U_INVALID_CHAR_FOUND
+ *                   for invalid UTF-8 sequences, and
+ *                   U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR if the destination buffer is too small
+ *                   to hold the complete skeleton.
+ * @return        The length of the skeleton string, in bytes.  The returned length
+ *                is always that of the complete skeleton, even when the
+ *                supplied buffer is too small (or of zero length)
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getSkeletonUTF8(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                       uint32_t type,
+                       const char *id,  int32_t length,
+                       char *dest, int32_t destCapacity,
+                       UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+  * Get the set of Candidate Characters for Inclusion in Identifiers, as defined
+  * in http://unicode.org/Public/security/latest/xidmodifications.txt
+  * and documented in http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/, Unicode Security Mechanisms.
+  *
+  * The returned set is frozen. Ownership of the set remains with the ICU library; it must not
+  * be deleted by the caller.
+  *
+  * @param status The error code, set if a problem occurs while creating the set.
+  *
+  * @stable ICU 51
+  */
+U_CAPI const USet * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getInclusionSet(UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+  * Get the set of characters from Recommended Scripts for Inclusion in Identifiers, as defined
+  * in http://unicode.org/Public/security/latest/xidmodifications.txt
+  * and documented in http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/, Unicode Security Mechanisms.
+  *
+  * The returned set is frozen. Ownership of the set remains with the ICU library; it must not
+  * be deleted by the caller.
+  *
+  * @param status The error code, set if a problem occurs while creating the set.
+  *
+  * @stable ICU 51
+  */
+U_CAPI const USet * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getRecommendedSet(UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Serialize the data for a spoof detector into a chunk of memory.
+ * The flattened spoof detection tables can later be used to efficiently
+ * instantiate a new Spoof Detector.
+ *
+ * The serialized spoof checker includes only the data compiled from the
+ * Unicode data tables by uspoof_openFromSource(); it does not include
+ * include any other state or configuration that may have been set.
+ *
+ * @param sc   the Spoof Detector whose data is to be serialized.
+ * @param data a pointer to 32-bit-aligned memory to be filled with the data,
+ *             can be NULL if capacity==0
+ * @param capacity the number of bytes available at data,
+ *                 or 0 for preflighting
+ * @param status an in/out ICU UErrorCode; possible errors include:
+ * - U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR if the data storage block is too small for serialization
+ * - U_ILLEGAL_ARGUMENT_ERROR  the data or capacity parameters are bad
+ * @return the number of bytes written or needed for the spoof data
+ *
+ * @see utrie2_openFromSerialized()
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_serialize(USpoofChecker *sc,
+                 void *data, int32_t capacity,
+                 UErrorCode *status);
+
+U_CDECL_END
+
+#if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API
+
+U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+/**
+ * \class LocalUSpoofCheckerPointer
+ * "Smart pointer" class, closes a USpoofChecker via uspoof_close().
+ * For most methods see the LocalPointerBase base class.
+ *
+ * @see LocalPointerBase
+ * @see LocalPointer
+ * @stable ICU 4.4
+ */
+/**
+ * \cond
+ * Note: Doxygen is giving a bogus warning on this U_DEFINE_LOCAL_OPEN_POINTER.
+ *       For now, suppress with a Doxygen cond
+ */
+U_DEFINE_LOCAL_OPEN_POINTER(LocalUSpoofCheckerPointer, USpoofChecker, uspoof_close);
+/** \endcond */
+
+/**
+ * \class LocalUSpoofCheckResultPointer
+ * "Smart pointer" class, closes a USpoofCheckResult via `uspoof_closeCheckResult()`.
+ * For most methods see the LocalPointerBase base class.
+ *
+ * @see LocalPointerBase
+ * @see LocalPointer
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \cond
+ * Note: Doxygen is giving a bogus warning on this U_DEFINE_LOCAL_OPEN_POINTER.
+ *       For now, suppress with a Doxygen cond
+ */
+U_DEFINE_LOCAL_OPEN_POINTER(LocalUSpoofCheckResultPointer, USpoofCheckResult, uspoof_closeCheckResult);
+/** \endcond */
+
+U_NAMESPACE_END
+
+/**
+ * Limit the acceptable characters to those specified by a Unicode Set.
+ *   Any previously specified character limit is
+ *   is replaced by the new settings.    This includes limits on
+ *   characters that were set with the uspoof_setAllowedLocales() function.
+ *
+ * The USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT test is automatically enabled for this
+ * USoofChecker by this function.
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param chars    A Unicode Set containing the list of
+ *                 characters that are permitted.  Ownership of the set
+ *                 remains with the caller.  The incoming set is cloned by
+ *                 this function, so there are no restrictions on modifying
+ *                 or deleting the UnicodeSet after calling this function.
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI void U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_setAllowedUnicodeSet(USpoofChecker *sc, const icu::UnicodeSet *chars, UErrorCode *status);
+
+
+/**
+ * Get a UnicodeSet for the characters permitted in an identifier.
+ * This corresponds to the limits imposed by the Set Allowed Characters /
+ * UnicodeSet functions. Limitations imposed by other checks will not be
+ * reflected in the set returned by this function.
+ *
+ * The returned set will be frozen, meaning that it cannot be modified
+ * by the caller.
+ *
+ * Ownership of the returned set remains with the Spoof Detector.  The
+ * returned set will become invalid if the spoof detector is closed,
+ * or if a new set of allowed characters is specified.
+ *
+ *
+ * @param sc       The USpoofChecker
+ * @param status   The error code, set if this function encounters a problem.
+ * @return         A UnicodeSet containing the characters that are permitted by
+ *                 the USPOOF_CHAR_LIMIT test.
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI const icu::UnicodeSet * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getAllowedUnicodeSet(const USpoofChecker *sc, UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Check the specified string for possible security issues.
+ * The text to be checked will typically be an identifier of some sort.
+ * The set of checks to be performed is specified with uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * \note
+ *   Consider using the newer API, {@link uspoof_check2UnicodeString}, instead.
+ *   The newer API exposes additional information from the check procedure
+ *   and is otherwise identical to this method.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id      A identifier to be checked for possible security issues.
+ * @param position  Deprecated in ICU 51.  Always returns zero.
+ *                Originally, an out parameter for the index of the first
+ *                string position that failed a check.
+ *                This parameter may be NULL.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Spoofing or security issues detected with the input string are
+ *                not reported here, but through the function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.
+ * @see uspoof_check2UnicodeString
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_checkUnicodeString(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                          const icu::UnicodeString &id,
+                          int32_t *position,
+                          UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * Check the specified string for possible security issues.
+ * The text to be checked will typically be an identifier of some sort.
+ * The set of checks to be performed is specified with uspoof_setChecks().
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param id      A identifier to be checked for possible security issues.
+ * @param checkResult  An instance of USpoofCheckResult to be filled with
+ *                details about the identifier.  Can be NULL.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Spoofing or security issues detected with the input string are
+ *                not reported here, but through the function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bits set for any potential security
+ *                or spoofing issues detected.  The bits are defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  (returned_value & USPOOF_ALL_CHECKS)
+ *                will be zero if the input string passes all of the
+ *                enabled checks.  Any information in this bitmask will be
+ *                consistent with the information saved in the optional
+ *                checkResult parameter.
+ * @see uspoof_openCheckResult
+ * @see uspoof_check2
+ * @see uspoof_check2UTF8
+ * @stable ICU 58
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_check2UnicodeString(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+    const icu::UnicodeString &id,
+    USpoofCheckResult* checkResult,
+    UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ * A version of {@link uspoof_areConfusable} accepting UnicodeStrings.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker
+ * @param s1     The first of the two identifiers to be compared for
+ *                confusability.  The strings are in UTF-8 format.
+ * @param s2     The second of the two identifiers to be compared for
+ *                confusability.  The strings are in UTF-8 format.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ *                Confusability of the identifiers is not reported here,
+ *                but through this function's return value.
+ * @return        An integer value with bit(s) set corresponding to
+ *                the type of confusability found, as defined by
+ *                enum USpoofChecks.  Zero is returned if the identifiers
+ *                are not confusable.
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ *
+ * @see uspoof_areConfusable
+ */
+U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_areConfusableUnicodeString(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                                  const icu::UnicodeString &s1,
+                                  const icu::UnicodeString &s2,
+                                  UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+ *  Get the "skeleton" for an identifier.
+ *  Skeletons are a transformation of the input identifier;
+ *  Two identifiers are confusable if their skeletons are identical.
+ *  See Unicode UAX #39 for additional information.
+ *
+ *  Using skeletons directly makes it possible to quickly check
+ *  whether an identifier is confusable with any of some large
+ *  set of existing identifiers, by creating an efficiently
+ *  searchable collection of the skeletons.
+ *
+ * @param sc      The USpoofChecker.
+ * @param type    Deprecated in ICU 58.  You may pass any number.
+ *                Originally, controlled which of the Unicode confusable data
+ *                tables to use.
+ * @param id      The input identifier whose skeleton will be computed.
+ * @param dest    The output identifier, to receive the skeleton string.
+ * @param status  The error code, set if an error occurred while attempting to
+ *                perform the check.
+ * @return        A reference to the destination (skeleton) string.
+ *
+ * @stable ICU 4.2
+ */
+U_I18N_API icu::UnicodeString & U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getSkeletonUnicodeString(const USpoofChecker *sc,
+                                uint32_t type,
+                                const icu::UnicodeString &id,
+                                icu::UnicodeString &dest,
+                                UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+  * Get the set of Candidate Characters for Inclusion in Identifiers, as defined
+  * in http://unicode.org/Public/security/latest/xidmodifications.txt
+  * and documented in http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/, Unicode Security Mechanisms.
+  *
+  * The returned set is frozen. Ownership of the set remains with the ICU library; it must not
+  * be deleted by the caller.
+  *
+  * @param status The error code, set if a problem occurs while creating the set.
+  *
+  * @stable ICU 51
+  */
+U_CAPI const icu::UnicodeSet * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getInclusionUnicodeSet(UErrorCode *status);
+
+/**
+  * Get the set of characters from Recommended Scripts for Inclusion in Identifiers, as defined
+  * in http://unicode.org/Public/security/latest/xidmodifications.txt
+  * and documented in http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/, Unicode Security Mechanisms.
+  *
+  * The returned set is frozen. Ownership of the set remains with the ICU library; it must not
+  * be deleted by the caller.
+  *
+  * @param status The error code, set if a problem occurs while creating the set.
+  *
+  * @stable ICU 51
+  */
+U_CAPI const icu::UnicodeSet * U_EXPORT2
+uspoof_getRecommendedUnicodeSet(UErrorCode *status);
+
+#endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */
+
+#endif /* UCONFIG_NO_NORMALIZATION */
+
+#endif   /* USPOOF_H */