Remove `RES` and `REF` typedefs in favor of spelled out `Ref<>`

These typedefs don't save much typing compared to the full `Ref<Resource>`
and `Ref<RefCounted>`, yet they sometimes introduce confusion among
new contributors.

21 files changed, 112 insertions, 112 deletions

diff --git a/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.cpp b/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.cpp
index d28e11a2e9..759997de7b 100644
--- a/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.cpp
+++ b/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.cpp
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ void CollisionShape3D::_notification(int p_what) {
 	}
 }
 
-void CollisionShape3D::resource_changed(RES res) {
+void CollisionShape3D::resource_changed(Ref<Resource> res) {
 	update_gizmos();
 }
 
diff --git a/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.h b/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.h
index fbcabf6529..5c32230942 100644
--- a/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.h
+++ b/scene/3d/collision_shape_3d.h
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class CollisionShape3D : public Node3D {
 	uint32_t owner_id = 0;
 	CollisionObject3D *parent = nullptr;
 
-	void resource_changed(RES res);
+	void resource_changed(Ref<Resource> res);
 	bool disabled = false;
 
 protected:
diff --git a/scene/animation/animation_player.cpp b/scene/animation/animation_player.cpp
index 6949e3681c..081e6e809a 100644
--- a/scene/animation/animation_player.cpp
+++ b/scene/animation/animation_player.cpp
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ void AnimationPlayer::_ensure_node_caches(AnimationData *p_anim, Node *p_root_ov
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < a->get_track_count(); i++) {
 		p_anim->node_cache.write[i] = nullptr;
-		RES resource;
+		Ref<Resource> resource;
 		Vector<StringName> leftover_path;
 		Node *child = parent->get_node_and_resource(a->track_get_path(i), resource, leftover_path);
 		ERR_CONTINUE_MSG(!child, "On Animation: '" + p_anim->name + "', couldn't resolve track:  '" + String(a->track_get_path(i)) + "'."); // couldn't find the child node
diff --git a/scene/animation/animation_player.h b/scene/animation/animation_player.h
index 1d450175ad..8c2f0e390b 100644
--- a/scene/animation/animation_player.h
+++ b/scene/animation/animation_player.h
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ private:
 	struct TrackNodeCache {
 		NodePath path;
 		uint32_t id = 0;
-		RES resource;
+		Ref<Resource> resource;
 		Node *node = nullptr;
 		Node2D *node_2d = nullptr;
 #ifndef _3D_DISABLED
diff --git a/scene/animation/animation_tree.cpp b/scene/animation/animation_tree.cpp
index 424716e002..b0590bc2bd 100644
--- a/scene/animation/animation_tree.cpp
+++ b/scene/animation/animation_tree.cpp
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ bool AnimationTree::_update_caches(AnimationPlayer *player) {
 			}
 
 			if (!track) {
-				RES resource;
+				Ref<Resource> resource;
 				Vector<StringName> leftover_path;
 				Node *child = parent->get_node_and_resource(path, resource, leftover_path);
 
diff --git a/scene/debugger/scene_debugger.cpp b/scene/debugger/scene_debugger.cpp
index ac0d017a23..77c1c20499 100644
--- a/scene/debugger/scene_debugger.cpp
+++ b/scene/debugger/scene_debugger.cpp
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ void SceneDebuggerObject::serialize(Array &r_arr, int p_max_size) {
 		const PropertyInfo &pi = properties[i].first;
 		Variant &var = properties[i].second;
 
-		RES res = var;
+		Ref<Resource> res = var;
 
 		Array prop;
 		prop.push_back(pi.name);
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ void SceneDebuggerObject::deserialize(const Array &p_arr) {
 
 		if (pinfo.type == Variant::OBJECT) {
 			if (var.is_zero()) {
-				var = RES();
+				var = Ref<Resource>();
 			} else if (var.get_type() == Variant::OBJECT) {
 				if (((Object *)var)->is_class("EncodedObjectAsID")) {
 					var = Object::cast_to<EncodedObjectAsID>(var)->get_object_id();
@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ void LiveEditor::_node_set_func(int p_id, const StringName &p_prop, const Varian
 }
 
 void LiveEditor::_node_set_res_func(int p_id, const StringName &p_prop, const String &p_value) {
-	RES r = ResourceLoader::load(p_value);
+	Ref<Resource> r = ResourceLoader::load(p_value);
 	if (!r.is_valid()) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ void LiveEditor::_res_set_func(int p_id, const StringName &p_prop, const Variant
 		return;
 	}
 
-	RES r = ResourceCache::get(resp);
+	Ref<Resource> r = ResourceCache::get(resp);
 	if (!r.is_valid()) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -710,7 +710,7 @@ void LiveEditor::_res_set_func(int p_id, const StringName &p_prop, const Variant
 }
 
 void LiveEditor::_res_set_res_func(int p_id, const StringName &p_prop, const String &p_value) {
-	RES r = ResourceLoader::load(p_value);
+	Ref<Resource> r = ResourceLoader::load(p_value);
 	if (!r.is_valid()) {
 		return;
 	}
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ void LiveEditor::_res_call_func(int p_id, const StringName &p_method, const Vari
 		return;
 	}
 
-	RES r = ResourceCache::get(resp);
+	Ref<Resource> r = ResourceCache::get(resp);
 	if (!r.is_valid()) {
 		return;
 	}
diff --git a/scene/gui/code_edit.cpp b/scene/gui/code_edit.cpp
index fdcd7116f3..05bb30f7e0 100644
--- a/scene/gui/code_edit.cpp
+++ b/scene/gui/code_edit.cpp
@@ -1818,7 +1818,7 @@ void CodeEdit::request_code_completion(bool p_force) {
 	}
 }
 
-void CodeEdit::add_code_completion_option(CodeCompletionKind p_type, const String &p_display_text, const String &p_insert_text, const Color &p_text_color, const RES &p_icon, const Variant &p_value) {
+void CodeEdit::add_code_completion_option(CodeCompletionKind p_type, const String &p_display_text, const String &p_insert_text, const Color &p_text_color, const Ref<Resource> &p_icon, const Variant &p_value) {
 	ScriptLanguage::CodeCompletionOption completion_option;
 	completion_option.kind = (ScriptLanguage::CodeCompletionKind)p_type;
 	completion_option.display = p_display_text;
@@ -2196,7 +2196,7 @@ void CodeEdit::_bind_methods() {
 
 	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_text_for_code_completion"), &CodeEdit::get_text_for_code_completion);
 	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("request_code_completion", "force"), &CodeEdit::request_code_completion, DEFVAL(false));
-	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("add_code_completion_option", "type", "display_text", "insert_text", "text_color", "icon", "value"), &CodeEdit::add_code_completion_option, DEFVAL(Color(1, 1, 1)), DEFVAL(RES()), DEFVAL(Variant::NIL));
+	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("add_code_completion_option", "type", "display_text", "insert_text", "text_color", "icon", "value"), &CodeEdit::add_code_completion_option, DEFVAL(Color(1, 1, 1)), DEFVAL(Ref<Resource>()), DEFVAL(Variant::NIL));
 	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("update_code_completion_options", "force"), &CodeEdit::update_code_completion_options);
 	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_code_completion_options"), &CodeEdit::get_code_completion_options);
 	ClassDB::bind_method(D_METHOD("get_code_completion_option", "index"), &CodeEdit::get_code_completion_option);
diff --git a/scene/gui/code_edit.h b/scene/gui/code_edit.h
index 596a065f12..135dd32780 100644
--- a/scene/gui/code_edit.h
+++ b/scene/gui/code_edit.h
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ public:
 
 	void request_code_completion(bool p_force = false);
 
-	void add_code_completion_option(CodeCompletionKind p_type, const String &p_display_text, const String &p_insert_text, const Color &p_text_color = Color(1, 1, 1), const RES &p_icon = RES(), const Variant &p_value = Variant::NIL);
+	void add_code_completion_option(CodeCompletionKind p_type, const String &p_display_text, const String &p_insert_text, const Color &p_text_color = Color(1, 1, 1), const Ref<Resource> &p_icon = Ref<Resource>(), const Variant &p_value = Variant::NIL);
 	void update_code_completion_options(bool p_forced = false);
 
 	TypedArray<Dictionary> get_code_completion_options() const;
diff --git a/scene/main/node.cpp b/scene/main/node.cpp
index f1c0260dd5..f549b3dde2 100644
--- a/scene/main/node.cpp
+++ b/scene/main/node.cpp
@@ -2288,10 +2288,10 @@ Node *Node::duplicate(int p_flags) const {
 
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 Node *Node::duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap) const {
-	return duplicate_from_editor(r_duplimap, Map<RES, RES>());
+	return duplicate_from_editor(r_duplimap, Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>>());
 }
 
-Node *Node::duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_remap) const {
+Node *Node::duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap, const Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &p_resource_remap) const {
 	Node *dupe = _duplicate(DUPLICATE_SIGNALS | DUPLICATE_GROUPS | DUPLICATE_SCRIPTS | DUPLICATE_USE_INSTANCING | DUPLICATE_FROM_EDITOR, &r_duplimap);
 
 	// This is used by SceneTreeDock's paste functionality. When pasting to foreign scene, resources are duplicated.
@@ -2307,7 +2307,7 @@ Node *Node::duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap, const M
 	return dupe;
 }
 
-void Node::remap_node_resources(Node *p_node, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_remap) const {
+void Node::remap_node_resources(Node *p_node, const Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &p_resource_remap) const {
 	List<PropertyInfo> props;
 	p_node->get_property_list(&props);
 
@@ -2318,7 +2318,7 @@ void Node::remap_node_resources(Node *p_node, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_re
 
 		Variant v = p_node->get(E.name);
 		if (v.is_ref_counted()) {
-			RES res = v;
+			Ref<Resource> res = v;
 			if (res.is_valid()) {
 				if (p_resource_remap.has(res)) {
 					p_node->set(E.name, p_resource_remap[res]);
@@ -2333,7 +2333,7 @@ void Node::remap_node_resources(Node *p_node, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_re
 	}
 }
 
-void Node::remap_nested_resources(RES p_resource, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_remap) const {
+void Node::remap_nested_resources(Ref<Resource> p_resource, const Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &p_resource_remap) const {
 	List<PropertyInfo> props;
 	p_resource->get_property_list(&props);
 
@@ -2344,7 +2344,7 @@ void Node::remap_nested_resources(RES p_resource, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resourc
 
 		Variant v = p_resource->get(E.name);
 		if (v.is_ref_counted()) {
-			RES res = v;
+			Ref<Resource> res = v;
 			if (res.is_valid()) {
 				if (p_resource_remap.has(res)) {
 					p_resource->set(E.name, p_resource_remap[res]);
@@ -2493,7 +2493,7 @@ bool Node::has_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path) const {
 	if (!has_node(p_path)) {
 		return false;
 	}
-	RES res;
+	Ref<Resource> res;
 	Vector<StringName> leftover_path;
 	Node *node = get_node_and_resource(p_path, res, leftover_path, false);
 
@@ -2501,7 +2501,7 @@ bool Node::has_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path) const {
 }
 
 Array Node::_get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path) {
-	RES res;
+	Ref<Resource> res;
 	Vector<StringName> leftover_path;
 	Node *node = get_node_and_resource(p_path, res, leftover_path, false);
 	Array result;
@@ -2523,9 +2523,9 @@ Array Node::_get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path) {
 	return result;
 }
 
-Node *Node::get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path, RES &r_res, Vector<StringName> &r_leftover_subpath, bool p_last_is_property) const {
+Node *Node::get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path, Ref<Resource> &r_res, Vector<StringName> &r_leftover_subpath, bool p_last_is_property) const {
 	Node *node = get_node(p_path);
-	r_res = RES();
+	r_res = Ref<Resource>();
 	r_leftover_subpath = Vector<StringName>();
 	if (!node) {
 		return nullptr;
@@ -2541,7 +2541,7 @@ Node *Node::get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path, RES &r_res, Vector<Str
 				return nullptr;
 			}
 
-			RES new_res = new_res_v;
+			Ref<Resource> new_res = new_res_v;
 
 			if (new_res.is_null()) { // No longer a resource, assume property
 				break;
diff --git a/scene/main/node.h b/scene/main/node.h
index fb84aabb62..72f340bbc3 100644
--- a/scene/main/node.h
+++ b/scene/main/node.h
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ public:
 	Node *find_child(const String &p_pattern, bool p_recursive = true, bool p_owned = true) const;
 	TypedArray<Node> find_children(const String &p_pattern, const String &p_type = "", bool p_recursive = true, bool p_owned = true) const;
 	bool has_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path) const;
-	Node *get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path, RES &r_res, Vector<StringName> &r_leftover_subpath, bool p_last_is_property = true) const;
+	Node *get_node_and_resource(const NodePath &p_path, Ref<Resource> &r_res, Vector<StringName> &r_leftover_subpath, bool p_last_is_property = true) const;
 
 	Node *get_parent() const;
 	Node *find_parent(const String &p_pattern) const;
@@ -421,9 +421,9 @@ public:
 	Node *duplicate(int p_flags = DUPLICATE_GROUPS | DUPLICATE_SIGNALS | DUPLICATE_SCRIPTS) const;
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	Node *duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap) const;
-	Node *duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_remap) const;
-	void remap_node_resources(Node *p_node, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_remap) const;
-	void remap_nested_resources(RES p_resource, const Map<RES, RES> &p_resource_remap) const;
+	Node *duplicate_from_editor(Map<const Node *, Node *> &r_duplimap, const Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &p_resource_remap) const;
+	void remap_node_resources(Node *p_node, const Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &p_resource_remap) const;
+	void remap_nested_resources(Ref<Resource> p_resource, const Map<Ref<Resource>, Ref<Resource>> &p_resource_remap) const;
 #endif
 
 	// used by editors, to save what has changed only
diff --git a/scene/main/resource_preloader.cpp b/scene/main/resource_preloader.cpp
index 49010095ff..8fb7456335 100644
--- a/scene/main/resource_preloader.cpp
+++ b/scene/main/resource_preloader.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void ResourcePreloader::_set_resources(const Array &p_data) {
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < resdata.size(); i++) {
 		String name = names[i];
-		RES resource = resdata[i];
+		Ref<Resource> resource = resdata[i];
 		ERR_CONTINUE(!resource.is_valid());
 		resources[name] = resource;
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ Array ResourcePreloader::_get_resources() const {
 
 	Set<String> sorted_names;
 
-	for (const KeyValue<StringName, RES> &E : resources) {
+	for (const KeyValue<StringName, Ref<Resource>> &E : resources) {
 		sorted_names.insert(E.key);
 	}
 
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ Array ResourcePreloader::_get_resources() const {
 	return res;
 }
 
-void ResourcePreloader::add_resource(const StringName &p_name, const RES &p_resource) {
+void ResourcePreloader::add_resource(const StringName &p_name, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource) {
 	ERR_FAIL_COND(p_resource.is_null());
 	if (resources.has(p_name)) {
 		StringName new_name;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ void ResourcePreloader::remove_resource(const StringName &p_name) {
 void ResourcePreloader::rename_resource(const StringName &p_from_name, const StringName &p_to_name) {
 	ERR_FAIL_COND(!resources.has(p_from_name));
 
-	RES res = resources[p_from_name];
+	Ref<Resource> res = resources[p_from_name];
 
 	resources.erase(p_from_name);
 	add_resource(p_to_name, res);
@@ -114,8 +114,8 @@ bool ResourcePreloader::has_resource(const StringName &p_name) const {
 	return resources.has(p_name);
 }
 
-RES ResourcePreloader::get_resource(const StringName &p_name) const {
-	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!resources.has(p_name), RES());
+Ref<Resource> ResourcePreloader::get_resource(const StringName &p_name) const {
+	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(!resources.has(p_name), Ref<Resource>());
 	return resources[p_name];
 }
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ Vector<String> ResourcePreloader::_get_resource_list() const {
 	Vector<String> res;
 	res.resize(resources.size());
 	int i = 0;
-	for (Map<StringName, RES>::Element *E = resources.front(); E; E = E->next(), i++) {
+	for (Map<StringName, Ref<Resource>>::Element *E = resources.front(); E; E = E->next(), i++) {
 		res.set(i, E->key());
 	}
 
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ Vector<String> ResourcePreloader::_get_resource_list() const {
 }
 
 void ResourcePreloader::get_resource_list(List<StringName> *p_list) {
-	for (const KeyValue<StringName, RES> &E : resources) {
+	for (const KeyValue<StringName, Ref<Resource>> &E : resources) {
 		p_list->push_back(E.key);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/scene/main/resource_preloader.h b/scene/main/resource_preloader.h
index aabb109d56..2df8b5cda7 100644
--- a/scene/main/resource_preloader.h
+++ b/scene/main/resource_preloader.h
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
 class ResourcePreloader : public Node {
 	GDCLASS(ResourcePreloader, Node);
 
-	Map<StringName, RES> resources;
+	Map<StringName, Ref<Resource>> resources;
 
 	void _set_resources(const Array &p_data);
 	Array _get_resources() const;
@@ -46,11 +46,11 @@ protected:
 	static void _bind_methods();
 
 public:
-	void add_resource(const StringName &p_name, const RES &p_resource);
+	void add_resource(const StringName &p_name, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource);
 	void remove_resource(const StringName &p_name);
 	void rename_resource(const StringName &p_from_name, const StringName &p_to_name);
 	bool has_resource(const StringName &p_name) const;
-	RES get_resource(const StringName &p_name) const;
+	Ref<Resource> get_resource(const StringName &p_name) const;
 
 	void get_resource_list(List<StringName> *p_list);
 
diff --git a/scene/resources/animation.cpp b/scene/resources/animation.cpp
index e045a379d2..a26aa10f42 100644
--- a/scene/resources/animation.cpp
+++ b/scene/resources/animation.cpp
@@ -3455,7 +3455,7 @@ real_t Animation::bezier_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time) const {
 	return low_pos.lerp(high_pos, c).y;
 }
 
-int Animation::audio_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const RES &p_stream, real_t p_start_offset, real_t p_end_offset) {
+int Animation::audio_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Ref<Resource> &p_stream, real_t p_start_offset, real_t p_end_offset) {
 	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_track, tracks.size(), -1);
 	Track *t = tracks[p_track];
 	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(t->type != TYPE_AUDIO, -1);
@@ -3481,7 +3481,7 @@ int Animation::audio_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const RES &p_s
 	return key;
 }
 
-void Animation::audio_track_set_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key, const RES &p_stream) {
+void Animation::audio_track_set_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key, const Ref<Resource> &p_stream) {
 	ERR_FAIL_INDEX(p_track, tracks.size());
 	Track *t = tracks[p_track];
 	ERR_FAIL_COND(t->type != TYPE_AUDIO);
@@ -3531,14 +3531,14 @@ void Animation::audio_track_set_key_end_offset(int p_track, int p_key, real_t p_
 	emit_changed();
 }
 
-RES Animation::audio_track_get_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key) const {
-	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_track, tracks.size(), RES());
+Ref<Resource> Animation::audio_track_get_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key) const {
+	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_track, tracks.size(), Ref<Resource>());
 	const Track *t = tracks[p_track];
-	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(t->type != TYPE_AUDIO, RES());
+	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(t->type != TYPE_AUDIO, Ref<Resource>());
 
 	const AudioTrack *at = static_cast<const AudioTrack *>(t);
 
-	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_key, at->values.size(), RES());
+	ERR_FAIL_INDEX_V(p_key, at->values.size(), Ref<Resource>());
 
 	return at->values[p_key].value.stream;
 }
diff --git a/scene/resources/animation.h b/scene/resources/animation.h
index f9a33da428..b4528ccd3a 100644
--- a/scene/resources/animation.h
+++ b/scene/resources/animation.h
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ private:
 	/* AUDIO TRACK */
 
 	struct AudioKey {
-		RES stream;
+		Ref<Resource> stream;
 		real_t start_offset = 0.0; //offset from start
 		real_t end_offset = 0.0; //offset from end, if 0 then full length or infinite
 		AudioKey() {
@@ -436,11 +436,11 @@ public:
 
 	real_t bezier_track_interpolate(int p_track, double p_time) const;
 
-	int audio_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const RES &p_stream, real_t p_start_offset = 0, real_t p_end_offset = 0);
-	void audio_track_set_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key, const RES &p_stream);
+	int audio_track_insert_key(int p_track, double p_time, const Ref<Resource> &p_stream, real_t p_start_offset = 0, real_t p_end_offset = 0);
+	void audio_track_set_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key, const Ref<Resource> &p_stream);
 	void audio_track_set_key_start_offset(int p_track, int p_key, real_t p_offset);
 	void audio_track_set_key_end_offset(int p_track, int p_key, real_t p_offset);
-	RES audio_track_get_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key) const;
+	Ref<Resource> audio_track_get_key_stream(int p_track, int p_key) const;
 	real_t audio_track_get_key_start_offset(int p_track, int p_key) const;
 	real_t audio_track_get_key_end_offset(int p_track, int p_key) const;
 
diff --git a/scene/resources/resource_format_text.cpp b/scene/resources/resource_format_text.cpp
index 7eeb3f5f85..04a6ad7675 100644
--- a/scene/resources/resource_format_text.cpp
+++ b/scene/resources/resource_format_text.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Error ResourceLoaderText::_parse_ext_resource(VariantParser::Stream *p_stream, R
 		if (ext_resources[id].cache.is_valid()) {
 			r_res = ext_resources[id].cache;
 		} else if (use_sub_threads) {
-			RES res = ResourceLoader::load_threaded_get(path);
+			Ref<Resource> res = ResourceLoader::load_threaded_get(path);
 			if (res.is_null()) {
 				if (ResourceLoader::get_abort_on_missing_resources()) {
 					error = ERR_FILE_MISSING_DEPENDENCIES;
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ Error ResourceLoaderText::_parse_ext_resource(VariantParser::Stream *p_stream, R
 			return error;
 		}
 	} else {
-		r_res = RES();
+		r_res = Ref<Resource>();
 	}
 
 	VariantParser::get_token(p_stream, token, line, r_err_str);
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ Error ResourceLoaderText::load() {
 			}
 
 		} else {
-			RES res = ResourceLoader::load(path, type);
+			Ref<Resource> res = ResourceLoader::load(path, type);
 
 			if (res.is_null()) {
 				if (ResourceLoader::get_abort_on_missing_resources()) {
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ ResourceUID::ID ResourceLoaderText::get_uid(Ref<FileAccess> p_f) {
 
 /////////////////////
 
-RES ResourceFormatLoaderText::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
+Ref<Resource> ResourceFormatLoaderText::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
 	if (r_error) {
 		*r_error = ERR_CANT_OPEN;
 	}
@@ -1336,7 +1336,7 @@ RES ResourceFormatLoaderText::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_origina
 
 	Ref<FileAccess> f = FileAccess::open(p_path, FileAccess::READ, &err);
 
-	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err != OK, RES(), "Cannot open file '" + p_path + "'.");
+	ERR_FAIL_COND_V_MSG(err != OK, Ref<Resource>(), "Cannot open file '" + p_path + "'.");
 
 	ResourceLoaderText loader;
 	String path = !p_original_path.is_empty() ? p_original_path : p_path;
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ RES ResourceFormatLoaderText::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_origina
 	if (err == OK) {
 		return loader.get_resource();
 	} else {
-		return RES();
+		return Ref<Resource>();
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1484,12 +1484,12 @@ Error ResourceFormatLoaderText::convert_file_to_binary(const String &p_src_path,
 /*****************************************************************************************************/
 /*****************************************************************************************************/
 
-String ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_write_resources(void *ud, const RES &p_resource) {
+String ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_write_resources(void *ud, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource) {
 	ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance *rsi = static_cast<ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance *>(ud);
 	return rsi->_write_resource(p_resource);
 }
 
-String ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_write_resource(const RES &res) {
+String ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_write_resource(const Ref<Resource> &res) {
 	if (external_resources.has(res)) {
 		return "ExtResource( \"" + external_resources[res] + "\" )";
 	} else {
@@ -1512,7 +1512,7 @@ String ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_write_resource(const RES &res) {
 void ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_find_resources(const Variant &p_variant, bool p_main) {
 	switch (p_variant.get_type()) {
 		case Variant::OBJECT: {
-			RES res = p_variant;
+			Ref<Resource> res = p_variant;
 
 			if (res.is_null() || external_resources.has(res)) {
 				return;
@@ -1549,7 +1549,7 @@ void ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_find_resources(const Variant &p_variant,
 					Variant v = res->get(I->get().name);
 
 					if (pi.usage & PROPERTY_USAGE_RESOURCE_NOT_PERSISTENT) {
-						RES sres = v;
+						Ref<Resource> sres = v;
 						if (sres.is_valid()) {
 							NonPersistentKey npk;
 							npk.base = res;
@@ -1593,7 +1593,7 @@ void ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::_find_resources(const Variant &p_variant,
 	}
 }
 
-Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags) {
+Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags) {
 	if (p_path.ends_with(".tscn")) {
 		packed_scene = p_resource;
 	}
@@ -1656,7 +1656,7 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_r
 #ifdef TOOLS_ENABLED
 	// Keep order from cached ids.
 	Set<String> cached_ids_found;
-	for (KeyValue<RES, String> &E : external_resources) {
+	for (KeyValue<Ref<Resource>, String> &E : external_resources) {
 		String cached_id = E.key->get_id_for_path(local_path);
 		if (cached_id.is_empty() || cached_ids_found.has(cached_id)) {
 			int sep_pos = E.value.find("_");
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_r
 		}
 	}
 	// Create IDs for non cached resources.
-	for (KeyValue<RES, String> &E : external_resources) {
+	for (KeyValue<Ref<Resource>, String> &E : external_resources) {
 		if (cached_ids_found.has(E.value)) { // Already cached, go on.
 			continue;
 		}
@@ -1694,14 +1694,14 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_r
 #else
 	// Make sure to start from one, as it makes format more readable.
 	int counter = 1;
-	for (KeyValue<RES, String> &E : external_resources) {
+	for (KeyValue<Ref<Resource>, String> &E : external_resources) {
 		E.value = itos(counter++);
 	}
 #endif
 
 	Vector<ResourceSort> sorted_er;
 
-	for (const KeyValue<RES, String> &E : external_resources) {
+	for (const KeyValue<Ref<Resource>, String> &E : external_resources) {
 		ResourceSort rs;
 		rs.resource = E.key;
 		rs.id = E.value;
@@ -1729,8 +1729,8 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_r
 
 	Set<String> used_unique_ids;
 
-	for (List<RES>::Element *E = saved_resources.front(); E; E = E->next()) {
-		RES res = E->get();
+	for (List<Ref<Resource>>::Element *E = saved_resources.front(); E; E = E->next()) {
+		Ref<Resource> res = E->get();
 		if (E->next() && res->is_built_in()) {
 			if (!res->get_scene_unique_id().is_empty()) {
 				if (used_unique_ids.has(res->get_scene_unique_id())) {
@@ -1742,8 +1742,8 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_r
 		}
 	}
 
-	for (List<RES>::Element *E = saved_resources.front(); E; E = E->next()) {
-		RES res = E->get();
+	for (List<Ref<Resource>>::Element *E = saved_resources.front(); E; E = E->next()) {
+		Ref<Resource> res = E->get();
 		ERR_CONTINUE(!resource_set.has(res));
 		bool main = (E->next() == nullptr);
 
@@ -1944,7 +1944,7 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_r
 	return OK;
 }
 
-Error ResourceFormatSaverText::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags) {
+Error ResourceFormatSaverText::save(const String &p_path, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags) {
 	if (p_path.ends_with(".tscn") && !Ref<PackedScene>(p_resource).is_valid()) {
 		return ERR_FILE_UNRECOGNIZED;
 	}
@@ -1953,11 +1953,11 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverText::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource,
 	return saver.save(p_path, p_resource, p_flags);
 }
 
-bool ResourceFormatSaverText::recognize(const RES &p_resource) const {
+bool ResourceFormatSaverText::recognize(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource) const {
 	return true; // All resources recognized!
 }
 
-void ResourceFormatSaverText::get_recognized_extensions(const RES &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const {
+void ResourceFormatSaverText::get_recognized_extensions(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const {
 	if (Ref<PackedScene>(p_resource).is_valid()) {
 		p_extensions->push_back("tscn"); // Text scene.
 	} else {
diff --git a/scene/resources/resource_format_text.h b/scene/resources/resource_format_text.h
index c6543e616d..e67df72d7e 100644
--- a/scene/resources/resource_format_text.h
+++ b/scene/resources/resource_format_text.h
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ResourceLoaderText {
 	VariantParser::StreamFile stream;
 
 	struct ExtResource {
-		RES cache;
+		Ref<Resource> cache;
 		String path;
 		String type;
 	};
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class ResourceLoaderText {
 	bool ignore_resource_parsing = false;
 
 	Map<String, ExtResource> ext_resources;
-	Map<String, RES> int_resources;
+	Map<String, Ref<Resource>> int_resources;
 
 	int resources_total = 0;
 	int resource_current = 0;
@@ -90,10 +90,10 @@ class ResourceLoaderText {
 	};
 
 	struct DummyReadData {
-		Map<RES, int> external_resources;
-		Map<String, RES> rev_external_resources;
-		Map<RES, int> resource_index_map;
-		Map<String, RES> resource_map;
+		Map<Ref<Resource>, int> external_resources;
+		Map<String, Ref<Resource>> rev_external_resources;
+		Map<Ref<Resource>, int> resource_index_map;
+		Map<String, Ref<Resource>> resource_map;
 	};
 
 	static Error _parse_sub_resource_dummys(void *p_self, VariantParser::Stream *p_stream, Ref<Resource> &r_res, int &line, String &r_err_str) { return _parse_sub_resource_dummy(static_cast<DummyReadData *>(p_self), p_stream, r_res, line, r_err_str); }
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ResourceLoaderText {
 
 	Error error = OK;
 
-	RES resource;
+	Ref<Resource> resource;
 
 	Ref<PackedScene> _parse_node_tag(VariantParser::ResourceParser &parser);
 
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ public:
 class ResourceFormatLoaderText : public ResourceFormatLoader {
 public:
 	static ResourceFormatLoaderText *singleton;
-	virtual RES load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
+	virtual Ref<Resource> load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
 	virtual void get_recognized_extensions_for_type(const String &p_type, List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 	virtual bool handles_type(const String &p_type) const;
@@ -158,20 +158,20 @@ class ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance {
 	bool skip_editor = false;
 
 	struct NonPersistentKey { //for resource properties generated on the fly
-		RES base;
+		Ref<Resource> base;
 		StringName property;
 		bool operator<(const NonPersistentKey &p_key) const { return base == p_key.base ? property < p_key.property : base < p_key.base; }
 	};
 
-	Map<NonPersistentKey, RES> non_persistent_map;
+	Map<NonPersistentKey, Ref<Resource>> non_persistent_map;
 
-	Set<RES> resource_set;
-	List<RES> saved_resources;
-	Map<RES, String> external_resources;
-	Map<RES, String> internal_resources;
+	Set<Ref<Resource>> resource_set;
+	List<Ref<Resource>> saved_resources;
+	Map<Ref<Resource>, String> external_resources;
+	Map<Ref<Resource>, String> internal_resources;
 
 	struct ResourceSort {
-		RES resource;
+		Ref<Resource> resource;
 		String id;
 		bool operator<(const ResourceSort &p_right) const {
 			return id.naturalnocasecmp_to(p_right.id) < 0;
@@ -180,19 +180,19 @@ class ResourceFormatSaverTextInstance {
 
 	void _find_resources(const Variant &p_variant, bool p_main = false);
 
-	static String _write_resources(void *ud, const RES &p_resource);
-	String _write_resource(const RES &res);
+	static String _write_resources(void *ud, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource);
+	String _write_resource(const Ref<Resource> &res);
 
 public:
-	Error save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
+	Error save(const String &p_path, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
 };
 
 class ResourceFormatSaverText : public ResourceFormatSaver {
 public:
 	static ResourceFormatSaverText *singleton;
-	virtual Error save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
-	virtual bool recognize(const RES &p_resource) const;
-	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(const RES &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const;
+	virtual Error save(const String &p_path, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
+	virtual bool recognize(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource) const;
+	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 
 	ResourceFormatSaverText();
 };
diff --git a/scene/resources/shader.cpp b/scene/resources/shader.cpp
index 25a9278e66..6b1f89454f 100644
--- a/scene/resources/shader.cpp
+++ b/scene/resources/shader.cpp
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ Shader::~Shader() {
 
 ////////////
 
-RES ResourceFormatLoaderShader::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
+Ref<Resource> ResourceFormatLoaderShader::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
 	if (r_error) {
 		*r_error = ERR_FILE_CANT_OPEN;
 	}
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ String ResourceFormatLoaderShader::get_resource_type(const String &p_path) const
 	return "";
 }
 
-Error ResourceFormatSaverShader::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags) {
+Error ResourceFormatSaverShader::save(const String &p_path, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags) {
 	Ref<Shader> shader = p_resource;
 	ERR_FAIL_COND_V(shader.is_null(), ERR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
 
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ Error ResourceFormatSaverShader::save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resourc
 	return OK;
 }
 
-void ResourceFormatSaverShader::get_recognized_extensions(const RES &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const {
+void ResourceFormatSaverShader::get_recognized_extensions(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const {
 	if (const Shader *shader = Object::cast_to<Shader>(*p_resource)) {
 		if (shader->is_text_shader()) {
 			p_extensions->push_back("gdshader");
@@ -237,6 +237,6 @@ void ResourceFormatSaverShader::get_recognized_extensions(const RES &p_resource,
 	}
 }
 
-bool ResourceFormatSaverShader::recognize(const RES &p_resource) const {
+bool ResourceFormatSaverShader::recognize(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource) const {
 	return p_resource->get_class_name() == "Shader"; //only shader, not inherited
 }
diff --git a/scene/resources/shader.h b/scene/resources/shader.h
index d05ec06819..3212dcd287 100644
--- a/scene/resources/shader.h
+++ b/scene/resources/shader.h
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ VARIANT_ENUM_CAST(Shader::Mode);
 
 class ResourceFormatLoaderShader : public ResourceFormatLoader {
 public:
-	virtual RES load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
+	virtual Ref<Resource> load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
 	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 	virtual bool handles_type(const String &p_type) const;
 	virtual String get_resource_type(const String &p_path) const;
@@ -111,9 +111,9 @@ public:
 
 class ResourceFormatSaverShader : public ResourceFormatSaver {
 public:
-	virtual Error save(const String &p_path, const RES &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
-	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(const RES &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const;
-	virtual bool recognize(const RES &p_resource) const;
+	virtual Error save(const String &p_path, const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, uint32_t p_flags = 0);
+	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource, List<String> *p_extensions) const;
+	virtual bool recognize(const Ref<Resource> &p_resource) const;
 };
 
 #endif // SHADER_H
diff --git a/scene/resources/sprite_frames.cpp b/scene/resources/sprite_frames.cpp
index ece126791e..ff5a85392c 100644
--- a/scene/resources/sprite_frames.cpp
+++ b/scene/resources/sprite_frames.cpp
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ void SpriteFrames::_set_animations(const Array &p_animations) {
 		anim.loop = d["loop"];
 		Array frames = d["frames"];
 		for (int j = 0; j < frames.size(); j++) {
-			RES res = frames[j];
+			Ref<Resource> res = frames[j];
 			anim.frames.push_back(res);
 		}
 
diff --git a/scene/resources/texture.cpp b/scene/resources/texture.cpp
index 14abe13afa..1aab0d5930 100644
--- a/scene/resources/texture.cpp
+++ b/scene/resources/texture.cpp
@@ -1058,7 +1058,7 @@ CompressedTexture2D::~CompressedTexture2D() {
 	}
 }
 
-RES ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture2D::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
+Ref<Resource> ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture2D::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
 	Ref<CompressedTexture2D> st;
 	st.instantiate();
 	Error err = st->load(p_path);
@@ -1066,7 +1066,7 @@ RES ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture2D::load(const String &p_path, const St
 		*r_error = err;
 	}
 	if (err != OK) {
-		return RES();
+		return Ref<Resource>();
 	}
 
 	return st;
@@ -1416,7 +1416,7 @@ CompressedTexture3D::~CompressedTexture3D() {
 
 /////////////////////////////
 
-RES ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture3D::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
+Ref<Resource> ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture3D::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
 	Ref<CompressedTexture3D> st;
 	st.instantiate();
 	Error err = st->load(p_path);
@@ -1424,7 +1424,7 @@ RES ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture3D::load(const String &p_path, const St
 		*r_error = err;
 	}
 	if (err != OK) {
-		return RES();
+		return Ref<Resource>();
 	}
 
 	return st;
@@ -3243,7 +3243,7 @@ CompressedTextureLayered::~CompressedTextureLayered() {
 
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
-RES ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTextureLayered::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
+Ref<Resource> ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTextureLayered::load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path, Error *r_error, bool p_use_sub_threads, float *r_progress, CacheMode p_cache_mode) {
 	Ref<CompressedTextureLayered> ct;
 	if (p_path.get_extension().to_lower() == "ctexarray") {
 		Ref<CompressedTexture2DArray> c;
@@ -3261,14 +3261,14 @@ RES ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTextureLayered::load(const String &p_path, con
 		if (r_error) {
 			*r_error = ERR_FILE_UNRECOGNIZED;
 		}
-		return RES();
+		return Ref<Resource>();
 	}
 	Error err = ct->load(p_path);
 	if (r_error) {
 		*r_error = err;
 	}
 	if (err != OK) {
-		return RES();
+		return Ref<Resource>();
 	}
 
 	return ct;
diff --git a/scene/resources/texture.h b/scene/resources/texture.h
index 525e3ff979..4107bd9abb 100644
--- a/scene/resources/texture.h
+++ b/scene/resources/texture.h
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ public:
 
 class ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture2D : public ResourceFormatLoader {
 public:
-	virtual RES load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
+	virtual Ref<Resource> load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
 	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 	virtual bool handles_type(const String &p_type) const;
 	virtual String get_resource_type(const String &p_path) const;
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ public:
 
 class ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTextureLayered : public ResourceFormatLoader {
 public:
-	virtual RES load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
+	virtual Ref<Resource> load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
 	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 	virtual bool handles_type(const String &p_type) const;
 	virtual String get_resource_type(const String &p_path) const;
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@ public:
 
 class ResourceFormatLoaderCompressedTexture3D : public ResourceFormatLoader {
 public:
-	virtual RES load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
+	virtual Ref<Resource> load(const String &p_path, const String &p_original_path = "", Error *r_error = nullptr, bool p_use_sub_threads = false, float *r_progress = nullptr, CacheMode p_cache_mode = CACHE_MODE_REUSE);
 	virtual void get_recognized_extensions(List<String> *p_extensions) const;
 	virtual bool handles_type(const String &p_type) const;
 	virtual String get_resource_type(const String &p_path) const;