Implement Vector4, Vector4i, Projection

Implement built-in classes Vector4, Vector4i and Projection.

* Two versions of Vector4 (float and integer).
* A Projection class, which is a 4x4 matrix specialized in projection types.

These types have been requested for a long time, but given they were very corner case they were not added before.
Because in Godot 4, reimplementing parts of the rendering engine is now possible, access to these types (heavily used by the rendering code) becomes a necessity.

**Q**: Why Projection and not Matrix4?
**A**: Godot does not use Matrix2, Matrix3, Matrix4x3, etc. naming convention because, within the engine, these types always have a *purpose*. As such, Godot names them: Transform2D, Transform3D or Basis. In this case, this 4x4 matrix is _always_ used as a _Projection_, hence the naming.

3 files changed, 29 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/core/extension/extension_api_dump.cpp b/core/extension/extension_api_dump.cpp
index ecdb1e26dc..867b1fc637 100644
--- a/core/extension/extension_api_dump.cpp
+++ b/core/extension/extension_api_dump.cpp
@@ -131,11 +131,14 @@ Dictionary NativeExtensionAPIDump::generate_extension_api() {
 			{ Variant::VECTOR3, vec3_elems * sizeof(float), vec3_elems * sizeof(float), vec3_elems * sizeof(double), vec3_elems * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::VECTOR3I, 3 * sizeof(int32_t), 3 * sizeof(int32_t), 3 * sizeof(int32_t), 3 * sizeof(int32_t) },
 			{ Variant::TRANSFORM2D, 6 * sizeof(float), 6 * sizeof(float), 6 * sizeof(double), 6 * sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4, 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(double), 4 * sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4I, 4 * sizeof(int32_t), 4 * sizeof(int32_t), 4 * sizeof(int32_t), 4 * sizeof(int32_t) },
 			{ Variant::PLANE, (vec3_elems + 1) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems + 1) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems + 1) * sizeof(double), (vec3_elems + 1) * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::QUATERNION, 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(double), 4 * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::AABB, (vec3_elems * 2) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems * 2) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems * 2) * sizeof(double), (vec3_elems * 2) * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::BASIS, (vec3_elems * 3) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems * 3) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems * 3) * sizeof(double), (vec3_elems * 3) * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::TRANSFORM3D, (vec3_elems * 4) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems * 4) * sizeof(float), (vec3_elems * 4) * sizeof(double), (vec3_elems * 4) * sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::PROJECTION, 4 * 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * 4 * sizeof(double), 4 * 4 * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::COLOR, 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(float) },
 			{ Variant::STRING_NAME, ptrsize_32, ptrsize_64, ptrsize_32, ptrsize_64 },
 			{ Variant::NODE_PATH, ptrsize_32, ptrsize_64, ptrsize_32, ptrsize_64 },
@@ -169,11 +172,14 @@ Dictionary NativeExtensionAPIDump::generate_extension_api() {
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::VECTOR3][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Vector3), "Size of Vector3 mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::VECTOR3I][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Vector3i), "Size of Vector3i mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::TRANSFORM2D][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Transform2D), "Size of Transform2D mismatch");
+		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::VECTOR4][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Vector4), "Size of Vector4 mismatch");
+		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::VECTOR4I][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Vector4i), "Size of Vector4i mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::PLANE][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Plane), "Size of Plane mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::QUATERNION][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Quaternion), "Size of Quaternion mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::AABB][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(AABB), "Size of AABB mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::BASIS][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Basis), "Size of Basis mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::TRANSFORM3D][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Transform3D), "Size of Transform3D mismatch");
+		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::PROJECTION][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Projection), "Size of Projection mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::COLOR][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(Color), "Size of Color mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::STRING_NAME][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(StringName), "Size of StringName mismatch");
 		static_assert(type_size_array[Variant::NODE_PATH][sizeof(void *)] == sizeof(NodePath), "Size of NodePath mismatch");
@@ -256,6 +262,14 @@ Dictionary NativeExtensionAPIDump::generate_extension_api() {
 			{ Variant::TRANSFORM2D, "x", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
 			{ Variant::TRANSFORM2D, "y", 2 * sizeof(float), 2 * sizeof(float), 2 * sizeof(double), 2 * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::TRANSFORM2D, "origin", 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(float), 4 * sizeof(double), 4 * sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4, "x", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4, "y", sizeof(float), sizeof(float), sizeof(double), sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4, "z", 2 * sizeof(float), 2 * sizeof(float), 2 * sizeof(double), 2 * sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4, "w", 3 * sizeof(float), 3 * sizeof(float), 3 * sizeof(double), 3 * sizeof(double) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4I, "x", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4I, "y", sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t), sizeof(int32_t) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4I, "z", 2 * sizeof(int32_t), 2 * sizeof(int32_t), 2 * sizeof(int32_t), 2 * sizeof(int32_t) },
+			{ Variant::VECTOR4I, "w", 3 * sizeof(int32_t), 3 * sizeof(int32_t), 3 * sizeof(int32_t), 3 * sizeof(int32_t) },
 			{ Variant::PLANE, "normal", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
 			{ Variant::PLANE, "d", vec3_elems * sizeof(float), vec3_elems * sizeof(float), vec3_elems * sizeof(double), vec3_elems * sizeof(double) },
 			{ Variant::QUATERNION, "x", 0, 0, 0, 0 },
diff --git a/core/extension/gdnative_interface.cpp b/core/extension/gdnative_interface.cpp
index 58103e3af3..ef0b590030 100644
--- a/core/extension/gdnative_interface.cpp
+++ b/core/extension/gdnative_interface.cpp
@@ -344,6 +344,10 @@ static GDNativeVariantFromTypeConstructorFunc gdnative_get_variant_from_type_con
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Vector3i>::variant_from_type;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM2D:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Transform2D>::variant_from_type;
+		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4:
+			return VariantTypeConstructor<Vector4>::variant_from_type;
+		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4I:
+			return VariantTypeConstructor<Vector4i>::variant_from_type;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_PLANE:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Plane>::variant_from_type;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_QUATERNION:
@@ -354,6 +358,8 @@ static GDNativeVariantFromTypeConstructorFunc gdnative_get_variant_from_type_con
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Basis>::variant_from_type;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM3D:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Transform3D>::variant_from_type;
+		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_PROJECTION:
+			return VariantTypeConstructor<Projection>::variant_from_type;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_COLOR:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Color>::variant_from_type;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING_NAME:
@@ -421,6 +427,10 @@ static GDNativeTypeFromVariantConstructorFunc gdnative_get_type_from_variant_con
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Vector3i>::type_from_variant;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM2D:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Transform2D>::type_from_variant;
+		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4:
+			return VariantTypeConstructor<Vector4>::type_from_variant;
+		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4I:
+			return VariantTypeConstructor<Vector4i>::type_from_variant;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_PLANE:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Plane>::type_from_variant;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_QUATERNION:
@@ -431,6 +441,8 @@ static GDNativeTypeFromVariantConstructorFunc gdnative_get_type_from_variant_con
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Basis>::type_from_variant;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM3D:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Transform3D>::type_from_variant;
+		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_PROJECTION:
+			return VariantTypeConstructor<Projection>::type_from_variant;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_COLOR:
 			return VariantTypeConstructor<Color>::type_from_variant;
 		case GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_STRING_NAME:
diff --git a/core/extension/gdnative_interface.h b/core/extension/gdnative_interface.h
index f106b805e7..dd86abe053 100644
--- a/core/extension/gdnative_interface.h
+++ b/core/extension/gdnative_interface.h
@@ -67,11 +67,14 @@ typedef enum {
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR3,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR3I,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM2D,
+	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4,
+	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_VECTOR4I,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_PLANE,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_QUATERNION,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_AABB,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_BASIS,
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_TRANSFORM3D,
+	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_PROJECTION,
 
 	/* misc types */
 	GDNATIVE_VARIANT_TYPE_COLOR,